|
|
Cite this paper: |
|
|
LIU Yao, LIU Baoliang, LEI Jilin, GUAN Changtao, HUANG Bin. Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics within octagonal tanks in recirculating aquaculture systems[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2017, 35(4): 912-920 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics within octagonal tanks in recirculating aquaculture systems |
|
| LIU Yao1,2, LIU Baoliang1, LEI Jilin1, GUAN Changtao1, HUANG Bin1 |
|
1 Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Shandong Univercity, Weihai, Marine College, Weihai 264209, China |
|
| Abstract: |
| A three-dimensional numerical model was established to simulate the hydrodynamics within an octagonal tank of a recirculating aquaculture system. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was applied to describe the flow, the discrete phase model (DPM) was applied to generate particle trajectories, and the governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. To validate this model, the numerical results were compared with data obtained from a full-scale physical model. The results show that:(1) the realizable k-ε model applied for turbulence modeling describes well the flow pattern in octagonal tanks, giving an average relative error of velocities between simulated and measured values of 18% from contour maps of velocity magnitudes; (2) the DPM was applied to obtain particle trajectories and to simulate the rate of particle removal from the tank. The average relative error of the removal rates between simulated and measured values was 11%. The DPM can be used to assess the self-cleaning capability of an octagonal tank; (3) a comprehensive account of the hydrodynamics within an octagonal tank can be assessed from simulations. The velocity distribution was uniform with an average velocity of 15 cm/s; the velocity reached 0.8 m/s near the inlet pipe, which can result in energy losses and cause wall abrasion; the velocity in tank corners was more than 15 cm/s, which suggests good water mixing, and there was no particle sedimentation. The percentage of particle removal for octagonal tanks was 90% with the exception of a little accumulation of ≤5 mm particle in the area between the inlet pipe and the wall. This study demonstrated a consistent numerical model of the hydrodynamics within octagonal tanks that can be further used in their design and optimization as well as promote the wide use of computational fluid dynamics in aquaculture engineering. |
|
| Key words:
recirculating aquaculture systems|octagonal tanks|hydrodynamic simulation|rate of particle removal
|
|
| Received: 2016-03-02 Revised: 2016-04-05 |
|
|
|
|
References:
Almansa C, Reig L, Oca J. 2012. Use of laser scanning to evaluate turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) distribution in raceways with different water velocities. Aquacultural Engineering, 51:7-14.
Carvalho R A P L F, Lemos D E L, Tacon A G J. 2013. Performance of single-drain and dual-drain tanks in terms of water velocity profile and solids flushing for in vivo digestibility studies in juvenile shrimp. Aquacultural Engineering, 57:9-17.
Chen S L, Timmons M B, Aneshansley D J, Bisogni Jr J J. 1993. Suspended solids characteristics from recirculating aquacultural systems and design implications. Aquaculture, 112(2-3):143-155.
Cheng Y, Zhu J X. 2005. CFD modelling and simulation of hydrodynamics in liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 83(2):177-185.
Couturier M, Trofimencoff T, Buil J U, Conroy J. 2009. Solids removal at a recirculating salmon-smolt farm. Aquacultural Engineering, 41(2):71-77.
Davidson J, Summerfelt S. 2004. Solids flushing, mixing, and water velocity profiles within large (10 and 150 m3) circular ‘Cornell-type’ dual-drain tanks. Aquacultural Engineering, 32(1):245-271.
Huggins D L, Piedrahita R H, Rumsey T. 2005. Use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for aquaculture raceway design to increase settling effectiveness. Aquacultural Engineering, 33(3):167-180.
Labatu R A, Ebeling J M, Bhaskaran R, Timmons M B. 2007. Hydrodynamics of a large-scale mixed-cell raceway(MCR):experimental studies. Aquacultural Engineering, 37(2):132-143.
Lekang O I. 2013. Aquaculture Engineering. 2nd edn. WileyBlackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. 228p.
Leon K A. 1986. Effect of exercise on feed consumption, growth, food conversion, and stamina of brook trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 48(1):43-46.
Liu Y, Song X F, Liang Z L, Peng L. 2014. Application of CFD modeling to hydrodynamics of CycloBio fluidized sand bed in recirculating aquaculture systems. Journal of Ocean University of China, 13(1):115-124.
Masaló I, Oca J. 2014. Hydrodynamics in a multivortex aquaculture tank:effect of baffles and water inlet characteristics. Aquacultural Engineering, 58:69-76.
Prussi M, Buffi M, Casini D, Chiaramonti D, Martelli F, Carnevale M, Tredici M R, Rodolfi L. 2014. Experimental and numerical investigations of mixing in raceway ponds for algae cultivation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 67:390-400.
Ross R M, Watten B J, Krise W F, DiLauro M N, Soderberg R W. 1995. Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacultural Engineering, 14(1):29-47.
Summerfelt S T, Sharrer M, Gearheart M, Gillette K, Vinc B J. 2009. Evaluation of partial water reuse systems used for Atlantic salmon smolt production at the White River National Fish Hatchery. Aquacultural Engineering, 41(2):78-84.
Sveier H, Wathne E, Lied E. 1999. Growth, feed and nutrient utilisation and gastrointestinal evacuation time in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.):the effect of dietary fish meal particle size and protein concentration. Aquaculture, 180(3-4):265-282.
Timmons M B, Ebeling J M, Wheaton F W, Summerfelt S T, Vinci B J. 2002. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. 2nd edn. NRAC Publication No. 01-002, Northeastern Regional Aquaculture Center, Cayuga Aqua Ventures, Ithaca, NY. p.130-185.
Timmons M B, Summerfelt S T, Vinci B J. 1998. Review of circular tank technology and management. Aquacultural Engineering, 18(1):51-69.
Tvinnereim K. 1994. Hydraulisk utforming av oppdrettskar. Brukerpport. SINTEF Report STF60A94046. (in Norwegian).
Vantoever W J. 1997. Water treatment system particularly for use in aquaculture:US, US Patent No. 5593574. 1997-01-04.
Venegas P A, Narváez A L, Arriagada A E, Llancaleo K A. 2014. Hydrodynamic effects of use of eductors (JetMixing Eductor) for water inlet on circular tank fish culture. Aquacultural Engineering, 59:13-22.
Vuthaluru R, Tade M, Vuthaluru H, Tsvetnenko Y, Evans L, Milne J. 2009. Application of CFD modelling to investigate fluidized limestone reactors for the remediation of acidic drainage waters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 149(1-3):162-172.
Wang F J. 2004. Analysis Computational Fluid Dynamics-Principle and Application of CFD Software. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China. p.124-125. (in Chinese)
Watten B J, Johnson R P. 1990. Comparative hydraulics and rearing trial performance of a production scale crossflow rearing unit. Aquacultural Engineering, 9(4):245-266.
Wei W. 2013. Numerical Simulation and Structure Optimization of Circular Culture Tank for Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang. (in Chinese)
Yu G Y, Wei W, Wang X Z, He Z, Yan F L. 2012. Numerical simulation and verification on flow-field distribution in ‘Cornell-type’ dual-drain culture tank. Fishery Modernization, 39(6):10-14. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yu Y. 2008. FLUENT Introductory and Advanced Tutorial. Beijing Institute of Technology Press, Beijing, China. p.45-153. (in Chinese)
|
|
|
|