Floc meal as potential substitute for soybean meal in tilapia diets under biofloc system conditions -- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2019,37(1):313-320

	Cite this paper:
	Rania S. MABROKE, Osama M. EL-HUSSEINY, Abd El-Naem F. A. ZIDAN, Al-Azab TAHOUN, Ashraf SULOMA. Floc meal as potential substitute for soybean meal in tilapia diets under biofloc system conditions[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2019, 37(1): 313-320

Floc meal as potential substitute for soybean meal in tilapia diets under biofloc system conditions

Rania S. MABROKE¹, Osama M. EL-HUSSEINY¹, Abd El-Naem F. A. ZIDAN¹, Al-Azab TAHOUN², Ashraf SULOMA¹

1 Fish Nutrition Laboratory(FNL), Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt;
2 Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Egypt

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) by low protein floc meal (LPFM; 24% CP) in tilapia diets on growth performance, feed utilization and fish chemical composition. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated; control diet (C; without LPFM), FM₂₅ (25% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM) and FM₅₀ (50% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM). Nine 55l circular plastic tanks were stocked by 12 fish to form three experimental groups. No differences in tilapia performance were observed between the control and the FM₂₅ diet. Chemical composition of fish did not differ significantly among treatments except for protein and selenium contents where the highest values were recorded in the control treatment. The highest mineral content was recorded in floc collected from the control tanks, while calcium content showed its highest value in floc collected from FM₅₀ effluent. These data indicate that replacing soybean meal with LPFM up to 25%, had no negative effect on growth performance and potentially may improve the system sustainability. Meanwhile, the adverse effect of more inclusion of LPFM in tilapia diet may be attributed to the higher content of ash. In other word, minerals seem to cause more energy utilization in fish fed floc meal since it is needed to maintain osmotic homeostasis.

Key words: microbial flocs|alternative protein sources|tilapia diet|sustainability

Received: 2017-08-24 Revised: 2018-01-22

Tools

PDF (256 KB) Free

Print this page

Add to favorites

Email this article to others

Authors

Articles by Rania S. MABROKE

Articles by Osama M. EL-HUSSEINY

Articles by Abd El-Naem F. A. ZIDAN

Articles by Al-Azab TAHOUN

Articles by Ashraf SULOMA

References:
Aboseif A M. 2017. Development and Validation of Economic and Eco-Friendly Feed for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
AOAC 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th Ed., Arlington, VA.
AOAC. 2012. Official Methods of Analysis. 19th ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.
APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st ed. Standard Methods is a joint publication of the American Public Health Association(APHA), the American Water Works Association(AWWA), and the Water Environment Federation (WEF).Washington, DC, USA.
Avnimelech Y. 1999. Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 176(3-4):227-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00085-X.
Avnimelech Y. 2009. Biofloc Technology-A Practical Guide Book. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge.
Azim M E, Little D C, Bron J E. 2008. Microbial protein production in activated suspension tanks manipulating C:N ratio in feed and the implications for fish culture.Bioresource Technology, 99(9):3 590-3 599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.063.
Azim M E, Little D C. 2008. The biofloc technology (BFT) in indoor tanks:water quality, biofloc composition, and growth and welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 283(1-4):29-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.036.
Crab R, Defoirdt T, Bossier P, Verstraete W. 2012. Biofloc technology in aquaculture:beneficial effects and future challenges. Aquaculture, 356:351-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.046.
Dantas Jr E M, Valle B C S, Brito C M S, Calazans N K F, Peixoto S R M, Soares R B. 2016. Partial replacement of fishmeal with biofloc meal in the diet of postlarvae of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(2):335-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12249.
Edmondson W T. 1959. Freshwater Biology. 2^nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 12248p.
Ekasari J, Crab R, Verstraete W. 2010. Primary nutritional content of bio-flocs cultured with different organic carbon sources and salinity. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 17(3):125-130, https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.17.3.125.
Emerenciano M, Cuzon G, Arévalo M, Miquelajauregui M M, Gaxiola G. 2013a. Effect of short-term fresh food supplementation on reproductive performance, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) reared under biofloc conditions. Aquaculture International, 21(5):987-1 007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9607-4.
Emerenciano M, Cuzon G, Paredes A, Gaxiola G. 2013b.Evaluation of biofloc technology in pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum culture:growth performance, water quality, microorganisms profile and proximate analysis of biofloc. Aquaculture International, 21(6):1 381-1 394.
Fernando C H, Paggi J C, Rajapaksa R. 1987. Daphnia in tropical lowlands. In:Peters R H, de Bernardi R eds.Daphnia. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Hyderabad, Italy, 45:107-141.
Food and agriculture organization of the united nation. 2017.FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) 56, March 2017.http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cbeb55d3-cf9c-428f-9450-3c5f0f3191d3/
Gaona C A P, da Paz Serra F, Furtado P S, Poersch L H,Wasielesky Jr W. 2016. Biofloc management with different flow rates for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT culture system. Aquaculture International, 24(5):1 263-1 275, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9983-2.
Hatem M H, Abdelhay Y B, Alayafi A H, Suloma A. 2013.Application of new strategies to reduce suspended solids in zero-exchange system:I. Histological alterations in the gills of Nile tilapia. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(2):1 186-1 192.‏
Hepher B, Liao I C, Cheng S H, Hsieh C S. 1983. Food utilization by red tilapia-effects of diet composition, feeding level and temperature on utilization efficiencies for maintenance and growth. Aquaculture, 32(3-4):255-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90223-5.
Hossain M A, Yoshimatsu T. 2014. Dietary calcium requirement in fishes. Aquaculture Nutrition, 20(1):1-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12135.
Jeje C Y. 1988. A revision of the Nigerian species of the genera Mesocyclops Sars, 1914 and Thermocyclops Kiefer, 1927(Copepoda:Cyclopoida). Hydrobiologia, 164(2):171-184.
Ju Z Y, Forster I, Conquest L, Dominy W, Kuo W C, Horgen F D. 2008. Determination of microbial community structures of shrimp floc cultures by biomarkers and analysis of floc amino acid profiles. Aquaculture Research, 39(2):118-133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01856.x.
Khalil M T, Mohamed R A, El-Deeb R, Suloma A. 2016. Ecofriendly cultivation of Keeled mullet (Liza carinata) in biofloc system. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 20(2):23-35, http://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_2291_6673f0db5a375e008642818276d1016a.pdf.
Kuhn D D, Boardman G D, Flick G J. 2010 b. Production of microbial flocs using laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors and tilapia wastewaters. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture, 11:37-54.
Kuhn D D, Boardman G D, Lawrence A L, Marsh L, Flick Jr G J. 2009. Microbial floc meal as a replacement ingredient for fish meal and soybean protein in shrimp feed.Aquaculture, 296(1-2):51-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.07.025.
Kuhn D D, Lawrence A L, Boardman G D, Patnaik S, Marsh L, Flick Jr G J. 2010a. Evaluation of two types of bioflocs derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 303(1):28-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.03.001.
Kuhn D D, Lawrence A L, Crockett J, Taylor D. 2016.Evaluation of bioflocs derived from confectionary food effluent water as a replacement feed ingredient for fishmeal or soy meal for shrimp. Aquaculture, 454:66-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.12.009.
Lall S P. 2002. The minerals. In:Halver J E, Hardy R W eds.Fish Nutrition. 3^rd edn. Academic Press Inc., The San Diego, CA. p.259-308.
López-Elías J A, Moreno-Arias A, Miranda-Baeza A, MartínezCórdova L R, Rivas-Vega M E, Márquez-Ríos E. 2015.Proximate composition of bioflocs in culture systems containing hybrid red tilapia fed diets with varying levels of vegetable meal inclusion. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 77(1):102-109.
Maicá P F, de Borba M R, Wasielesky Jr W. 2012. Effect of low salinity on microbial floc composition and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) juveniles reared in a zero-water-exchange super-intensive system. Aquaculture Research, 3(3):361-370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02838.x.
Moreno-Arias A, López-Elías J A, Miranda-Baeza A, Rivas-Vega M E, Martínez-Córdova L R, Ramírez-Suárez J C. 2017. Replacement of fishmeal by vegetable meal mix in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity biofloc system:effect on digestive enzymatic activity.Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(2):236-245, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12384.
NRC. 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp.National Academies Press, Washington DC, USA.
Pennak R W. 1978. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 803p.
Ruttner-Kolisko A. 1974. Planktonic rotifers:biology and taxonomy. Die Binnergewässer, 26(S1):146.
Santiago C B, Lovell R T. 1988. Amino acid requirements for growth of Nile tilapia. The Journal of Nutrition, 118(12):1 540-1 546.
Shehata S M, Shehata K K, Hussien M M, Mageed A A. 1998.Taxonomical and ecological studies on some Zooplankton species:ciliata, rhizopoda, turbellaria and crustacea of the high Dam Lake. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2:37-63.
Suloma A, El-Husseiny O M, Hassane M I, Mabroke R S, ElHaroun E R. 2014. Complementary responses between hydrolyzed feather meal, fish meal and soybean meal without amino acid supplementation in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus diets. Aquaculture International, 22(4):1 377-1 390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9753-y.
Valle B C S, Dantas Jr E M, Silva J F X, Bezerra R S, Correia E S, Peixoto S R M, Soares R B. 2015. Replacement of fishmeal by fish protein hydrolysate and biofloc in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture Nutrition, 21(1):105-112, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12149.
Yao Y F, Wen H, Jiang M, Wu F, Liu W, Tian J. 2012. Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio requirement of GIFT tilapia fingerling, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 40(4):38-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zidan A E N F A, Mola H R A, El-Husseiny O M, Suloma A, Mabroke R S. 2017. Inclusion of biofloc meal in tilapia diets and its effect on the structure of zooplankton community under biofloc system condition. Journal Egypt Academy Society. Environment Development, 18(1):47-57.