Cite this paper:
DU Guangxun, QU Lingyun, SHANG Kun, SUN Chengjun, WANG Chen, GAO Ping. Ciliate Uronema marinum is the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farm raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2019, 37(5): 1726-1735

Ciliate Uronema marinum is the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farm raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus

DU Guangxun1, QU Lingyun1,2, SHANG Kun1,3, SUN Chengjun1, WANG Chen1, GAO Ping1
1 First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR), Qingdao 266061, China;
2 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China;
3 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Abstract:
To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus, we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identified it as Uronema marinum based on morphological and molecular evidence. We then infected the turbots in artificial laboratory settings with pure cultured U. marinum. The infected turbots showed syndromes similar to those observed in naturally infected ones. Furthermore, microscopic examination and PCR detection confirmed the presence of the ciliate in the tissues of those laboratory-infected turbots. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of scuticociliatosis caused by U. marinum in farm-raised turbot S. maximus in China.
Key words:    Scophthalmus maximus|scuticociliatosis|histopathology|Uronema marinum   
Received: 2018-10-18   Revised: 2018-12-20
Tools
PDF (2033 KB) Free
Print this page
Add to favorites
Email this article to others
Authors
Articles by DU Guangxun
Articles by QU Lingyun
Articles by SHANG Kun
Articles by SUN Chengjun
Articles by WANG Chen
Articles by GAO Ping
References:
Anderson S A, Hulston D A, McVeagh S M, Webb V L, Smith P J. 2009. In vitro culture and cryopreservation of Uronema marinum isolated from farmed New Zealand groper (Polyprion oxygeneios). Journal of Microbiological Methods, 79(1):62-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet. 2009.07.022.
Cardoso P H M, de Carvalho Balian S, Matushima E R, De Pádua S B, Martins M L. 2017. First report of scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria, 26(4):491-495, https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017031.
Cawthorn R J, Lynn D H, Despres B, MacMillan R, Maloney R, Loughlin M, Bayer R. 1996. Description of Anophryoides haemophila n. sp. (Scuticociliatida:Orchitophryidae), a pathogen of American lobsters Homarus americanus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 24(2):143-148, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao024143.
Cheung P J, Nigrelli R F, Ruggieri G D. 1980. Studies on the morphology of Uronema marinum Dujardin (Ciliatea:Uronematidae) with a description of the histopathology of the infection in marine fishes. Journal of Fish Diseases, 3(4):295-303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1980.tb00400.x.
Corliss J O. 1979. The Ciliated Protozoa. Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature. 2nd edn.Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Dyková I, Tyml T, Kostka M, Pecková H. 2010. Strains of Uronema marinum (Scuticociliatia) co-isolated with amoebae of the genus Neoparamoeba. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 89(1):71-77, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02168.
Edgar R C. 2004. MUSCLE:multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(5):1 792-1 797, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340.
Figueras A, Robledo D, Corvelo A, Hermida M, Pereiro P, Rubiolo J A, Gómez-Garrido J, Carreté L, Bello X, Gut M, Gut I G, Marcet-Houben M, Forn-Cuní G, Galán B, García J L, Abal-Fabeiro J L, Pardo B G, Taboada X, Fernández C, Vlasova A, Hermoso-Pulido A, Guigó R, Álvarez-Dios J A, Gómez-Tato A, Viñas A, Maside X, Gabaldón T, Novoa B, Bouza C, Alioto T, Martínez P. 2016. Whole genome sequencing of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus; Pleuronectiformes):a fish adapted to demersal life. DNA Research, 23(3):181-192, https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsw007.
Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo M S. 2010.Scuticociliatosis and its recent prophylactic measures in aquaculture with special reference to South Korea:taxonomy, diversity and diagnosis of scuticociliatosis:part I Control strategies of scuticociliatosis:part Ⅱ. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 29(1):15-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.026.
Iglesias R, Paramá A, Alvarez M F, Leiro J, Fernández J, Sanmartín M L. 2001. Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) as the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus in Galicia (NW Spain). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 46(1):47-55, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao046047.
Jee B Y, Kim Y C, Park M S. 2001. Morphology and biology of parasite responsible for scuticociliatosis of cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 47(1):49-55, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao047049.
Kim S M, Cho J B, Kim S K, Nam Y K, Kim K H. 2004.Occurrence of scuticociliatosis in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus by Phiasterides dicentrarchi(Ciliophora:Scuticociliatida). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 62(3):233-238, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao062233.
Medlin L, Elwood H J, Stickel S, Sogin M L. 1988. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene, 71(2):491-499, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90066-2.
Ofelio C, Blanco A, Roura Á, Pintado J, Pascual S, Planas M. 2013. Isolation and molecular identification of the scuticociliate Porpostoma notata Moebius, 1888 from moribund reared Hippocampus hippocampus (L.)seahorses, by amplification of the SSU rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Fish Diseases, 37(12):1 061-1 065, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12207.
Piazzon M C, Leiro J, Lamas J. 2013. Fish immunity to scuticociliate parasites. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 41(2):248-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.022.
Qin L, Wang Y G, Zhang L J, Dai, J X. 2007. Histopathology of turbot associated with Mesanophrys carcini parasite.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 31(5):618-628. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ramos M F, Costa A R, Barandela T, Saraiva A, Rodrigues P N. 2007. Scuticociliate infection and pathology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the north of Portugal.Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 74(3):249-253, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao074249.
Song W B, Warren A, Hu X Z. 2009. Free-living Ciliates in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. Science Press, Beijing, China. p.171-175. (in Chinese)
Stidworthy M F, Garner M M, Bradway D S, Westfall B D, Joseph B, Repetto S, Guglielmi E, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Thornton S M. 2014. Systemic Scuticociliatosis(Philasterides dicentrarchi) in sharks. Veterinary Pathology, 51(3):628-632, https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985813492800.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013.MEGA6:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12):2 725-2 729, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197.
Thompson Jr J C, Moewus L. 1964. Miamiensis avidus n. g., n.sp., a marine facultative parasite in the ciliate order Hymenostomatida. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 11(3):378-381, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01766.x.
Turgay E, Steinum T M, Gül A E, Karataş S. 2015. An outbreak of scuticociliatosis in cultured common dentex (Dentex dentex) in turkey. Bulletin-European Association of Fish Pathologists, 35(3):104-111.
Wang Y G, Chen J J, Qin L. 2005. Mesanphrys carcini causing severe scuticociliatosis in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus in China. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 12(5):594-601. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Whang I, Kang H S, Lee J. 2013. Identification of scuticociliates(Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, P. longisetus, Uronema marinum and Miamiensis avidus) based on the cox1 sequence. Parasitology International, 62(1):7-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2012.08.002.
Wilbert N. 1975. Eine verbesserte Technik der Protargolimprägnation für Ciliaten. Mikrokosmos, 64:171-179.
Zhang Z, Wang Y G, Qin L, Li Q F. 2006. Epizootic investigation and study on challenge experiment of fin rot disease in cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).Fisheries Science, 25(6):271-274. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou L, Zhan W B, Song W B, Song C H. 2000. Observations on the histopathology of the external ulcerative disease of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 30(4):593-597. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Copyright © Haiyang Xuebao