Cite this paper:
Kyleyoung LOW, Layching CHAI, Choonweng LEE, Gan ZHANG, Ruijie ZHANG, Vaezzadeh VAHAB, Chuiwei BONG. Prevalence and risk assessment of antibiotics in riverine estuarine waters of Larut and Sangga Besar River, Perak[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(1): 122-134

Prevalence and risk assessment of antibiotics in riverine estuarine waters of Larut and Sangga Besar River, Perak
Kyleyoung LOW1,2, Layching CHAI3, Choonweng LEE3, Gan ZHANG4, Ruijie ZHANG5, Vaezzadeh VAHAB1,4, Chuiwei BONG2,3
1 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
2 Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
3 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
4 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
5 School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Abstract:
Antibiotics released into the environment through anthropogenic activities exert selective pressure, driving bacteria towards increasing antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antibiotics and the ecological risks posed in the riverine estuarine of Larut River and Sangga Besar River, which included wastewater effluents from hospital, zoo, and poultry slaughterhouse sources were investigated. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to extract and quantify the antibiotic residues from 22 antibiotics belonging to six major antibiotic classes (sulfonamide, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, trimethoprim, and tetracycline). Sixteen antibiotic residues were detected with concentrations ranging from limit of detection (LOD) to 1 262.3 ng/L. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the most frequently detected compounds. Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and ofloxacin detected in hospital and zoo effluents posed a high risk to algae while tetracycline had low to medium ecological risks toward all the relevant organisms from aquatic environments (algae, invertebrate Daphnia magna, and fish).
Key words:    antibiotic residues|prevalence|ecological risk|anthropogenic pollution|riverine|estuarine   
Received: 2019-09-24   Revised: 2019-12-18
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Articles by Kyleyoung LOW
Articles by Layching CHAI
Articles by Choonweng LEE
Articles by Gan ZHANG
Articles by Ruijie ZHANG
Articles by Vaezzadeh VAHAB
Articles by Chuiwei BONG
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