Cite this paper:
Ya HAO, Chen GUAN, Xinyu ZHAO, Tongfei QU, Xuexi TANG, Ying WANG. Investigation of the decline of Ulva prolifera in the Subei Shoal and Qingdao based on physiological changes[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2021, 39(3): 918-927

Investigation of the decline of Ulva prolifera in the Subei Shoal and Qingdao based on physiological changes

Ya HAO1, Chen GUAN1, Xinyu ZHAO1, Tongfei QU1, Xuexi TANG1,2, Ying WANG1,2
1 College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
2 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
Abstract:
It has been a scientific consensus that Ulva prolifera green tide that break out annually between May and August in the recent decade off eastern coast of Yellow Sea. To investigate the ecological mechanism of the decline of U. prolifera green tide, we compared the physiological characteristics of U. prolifera samples collected in three stages of the green tide in Subei Shoal north Jiangsu, the initiation point, on May 10 (early, the initiation), July 10 (middle, the outbreak), and in Taipingjiao, Qingdao on August 10 (late, the decline). Compared to the early samples, the middle, and late samples showed a lower chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency at a higher lipid peroxidation level. The middle and later samples had fewer chloroplasts in the cells of U. prolifera than those in the early samples. In addition, the cells of U. prolifera sampled in the late stage showed ruptured and deformed cell walls. Differences in physiological function were reflected in the growth rate. Both the middle and late U. prolifera samples presented negative growth rates. Correlation analysis results show that the rising temperature was mainly responsible for the local decline of U. prolifera green tide. The high light-intensity that could induce the photoinhibition was also an important factor for the decline. Therefore, U. prolifera population that remained in the Subei Shoal and those that northward drifted to Qingdao experienced the same decline processes: rising temperature and continuous high light conditions in the late phase of green tide reduced the photosynthetic capacity and destroyed the antioxidant system of the thallus, which lead to decrease of biomass. The only difference is that the temperature in the Subei Shoal rose earlier than that in Qingdao; thus, U. prolifera remaining in the Subei Shoal went disappeared first.
Key words:    Ulva prolifera|green tide|decline process|photoinhibition|lipid peroxidation   
Received: 2020-03-30   Revised: 2020-04-27
Tools
PDF (2774 KB) Free
Print this page
Add to favorites
Email this article to others
Authors
Articles by Ya HAO
Articles by Chen GUAN
Articles by Xinyu ZHAO
Articles by Tongfei QU
Articles by Xuexi TANG
Articles by Ying WANG
References:
Arnon D I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.Polyphenoloxidase in Beta Vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1):1-15, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1.
Bao M, Guan W B, Yang Y, Cao Z Y, Chen Q. 2015. Drifting trajectories of green algae in the western Yellow Sea during the spring and summer of 2012. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163:9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.02.009.
Buege J A, Aust S D. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation.Methods in Enzymology, 52:302-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6.
Cui T W, Zhang J, Sun L E, Jia Y J, Zhao W J, Wang Z L, Meng J M. 2012. Satellite monitoring of massive green macroalgae bloom (GMB):imaging ability comparison of multi-source data and drifting velocity estimation.International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33(17):5 513-5 527, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.663112.
Fan S L, Fu M Z, Li Y, Wang Z L, Fang S, Jiang M J, Wang H P, Sun P, Qu P. 2012. Origin and development of Huanghai(Yellow) Sea green-tides in 2009 and 2010. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(6):187-194. (in Chinese)
Fan S L, Fu M Z, Wang Z L, Zhang X L, Song W, Li Y, Liu G X, Shi X Y, Wang X N, Zhu M Y. 2015. Temporal variation of green macroalgal assemblage on Porphyra aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163:23-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.03.016.
Farias D R, Simioni C, Poltronieri E, Bouzon Z L, Macleod C K. 2017. Fine-tuning transmission electron microscopy methods to evaluate the cellular architecture of Ulvacean seaweeds (Chlorophyta). Micron, 96:48-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2017.02.003.
Fu M Z, Fan S L, Wang Z L, Song W, Sun K M, Han H B, Xiao J, Shen S D. 2019. Buoyancy potential of dominant green macroalgal species in the Yellow Sea's green tides, China.Marine Pollution Bulletin, 140:301-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.056.
Han W, Chen L P, Zhang J H, Tian X L, Hua L, He Q, Huo Y Z, Yu K F, Shi D J, Ma J H, He P M. 2013. Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area, China. Harmful Algae, 28:46-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.05.018.
Hu C M, Li D Q, Chen C S, Ge J Z, Muller-Karger F E, Liu J P, Yu F, He M X. 2010. On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115(C5):C05017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005561.
Huo Y Z, Han H B, Hua L, Wei Z L, Yu K F, Shi H H, Kim J K, Yarish C, He P M. 2016. Tracing the origin of green macroalgal blooms based on the large scale spatiotemporal distribution of Ulva microscopic propagules and settled mature Ulva vegetative thalli in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea, China. Harmful Algae, 59:91-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.09.005.
Keesing J K, Liu D Y, Fearns P, Garcia R. 2011. Inter- and intra-annual patterns of Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea during 2007-2009, their origin and relationship to the expansion of coastal seaweed aquaculture in China.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(6):1 169-1 182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.040.
Kim J K, Yarish C, Pereira R. 2016. Tolerances to hypoosmotic and temperature stresses in native and invasive species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 55(3):257-264, https://doi.org/10.2216/15-90.1.
Liu D Y, Keesing J K, Dong Z J, Zhen Y, Di B P, Shi Y J, Fearns P, Shi P. 2010. Recurrence of the world's largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China:Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal blooms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(9):1 423-1 432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.015.
Liu D Y, Keesing J K, He P M, Wang Z L, Shi Y J, Wang Y J. 2013. The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China:formation and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 129:2-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.05.021.
Liu D Y, Keesing J K, Xing Q G, Shi P. 2009. World's largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(6):888-895, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.013.
Liu D Y, Zhou M J. 2018. Green tides of the Yellow Sea:Massive free-floating blooms of Ulva prolifera. In:Glibert P M, Berdalet E, Burford M A, Pitcher G C, Zhou M L eds. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer, Cham, Germany. p.317-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4_16
Mou S, Zhang X, Dong M, Fan X, Xu J, Cao S, Xu D, Wang W, Ye N. 2013. Photoprotection in the green tidal alga Ulva prolifera:Role of LHCSR and PsbS proteins in response to high light stress. Plant Biology, 15(6):1 033-1 039, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00712.x.
Pang S J, Liu F, Shan T F, Shan T F, Xu N, Zhang Z H, Gao S Q, Chopin T, Sun S. 2010. Tracking the algal origin of the Ulva bloom in the Yellow Sea by a combination of molecular, morphological and physiological analyses.Marine Environmental Research, 69(4):207-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.10.007.
Platt T, Gallegos C, Harrison W G. 1980. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton. Journal of Marine Research, 38(4):687-701.
Qiao F L, Wang G S, Lü X G, Dai D J. 2011. Drift characteristics of green macroalgae in the Yellow Sea in 2008 and 2010.Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(21):2 236-2 242, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4551-7.
Shen Q, Li H Y, Li Y, Wang Z L, Liu J S, Yang W D. 2012.Molecular identification of green algae from the rafts based infrastructure of Porphyra yezoensis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(10):2 077-2 082, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.021.
Song W, Li Y, Fang S, Wang Z L, Xiao J, Li R X, Fu M Z, Zhu M Y, Zhang X L. 2015. Temporal and spatial distributions of green algae micro-propagules in the coastal waters of the Subei Shoal, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163:29-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.006.
Taylor R, Fletcher R L, Raven J A. 2001. Preliminary studies on the growth of selected ‘green tide’ algae in laboratory culture:effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate. Botanica Marina, 44(4):327-336, https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2001.042.
Wu H L, Gao G, Zhong Z H, Li X S, Xu J T. 2018. Physiological acclimation of the green tidal alga Ulva prolifera to a fastchanging environment. Marine Environmental Research, 137:1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.018.
Zhang J H, Huo Y Z, Wu H L, Yu K F, Kim J K, Yarish C, Qin Y T, Liu C C, Xu R, He P M. 2014. The origin of the Ulva macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea in 2013. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 89(1-2):276-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.049
Zhang J H, Shi J T, Gao S, Huo Y Z, Cui J J, Shen H, Liu G Y, He P M. 2019. Annual patterns of macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea during 2007-2017. PLoS One, 14(1):e0210460, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210460.
Zhao J, Jiang P, Liu Z Y, Wei W, Lin H Z, Li F C, Wang J F, Qin S. 2013. The yellow sea green tides were dominated by one species, Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, from 2007 to 2011. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(19):2 298-2 302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5441-3.
Zhao X Y, Tang X X, Zhang H X, Qu T F, Wang Y. 2016.Photosynthetic adaptation strategy of Ulva prolifera floating on the sea surface to environmental changes.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 107:116-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.036
Zhu Y R, Chang R F. 2001. Sediment dynamics study on the origin of the radial sand ridges in the southern Yellow Sea.Studia Marina Sinica, 43(1):38-50. (in Chinese)
Copyright © Haiyang Xuebao