Cite this paper:
DONG Yujie, FENG Junqiao, HU Dunxin. Diff erence in the infl uence of Indo-Pacific Ocean heat content on South Asian Summer Monsoon intensity before and after 1976/1977[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2016, 34(3): 567-576

Diff erence in the infl uence of Indo-Pacific Ocean heat content on South Asian Summer Monsoon intensity before and after 1976/1977

DONG Yujie1,2,3, FENG Junqiao1,2, HU Dunxin1,2
1 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:
Monthly ocean temperature from ORAS4 datasets and atmospheric data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Ⅰ/Ⅱ were used to analyze the relationship between the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) and upper ocean heat content (HC) in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. The monsoon was diff erentiated into a Southwest Asian Summer Monsoon (SWASM) (2.5°-20°N, 35°-70°E) and Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon (SEASM) (2.5°-20°N, 70°-110°E). Results show that before the 1976/77 climate shift, the SWASM was strongly related to HC in the southern Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean. The southern Indian Ocean affected SWASM by altering the pressure gradient between southern Africa and the northern Indian Ocean and by enhancing the Somali cross-equatorial flow. The tropical Pacific impacted the SWASM through the remote forcing of ENSO. After the 1976/77 shift, there was a close relationship between equatorial central Pacific HC and the SEASM. However, before that shift, their relationship was weak.
Key words:    South Asian summer monsoon|upper ocean heat content|tropical Pacific Ocean|Indian Ocean   
Received: 2015-01-21   Revised: 2015-03-20
Tools
PDF (1985 KB) Free
Print this page
Add to favorites
Email this article to others
Authors
Articles by DONG Yujie
Articles by FENG Junqiao
Articles by HU Dunxin
References:
Ajayamohan R S, Rao S A. 2008. Indian Ocean dipole modulates the number of extreme rainfall events over India in a warming environment. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86(1):245-252.
Balmaseda M A, Mogensen K, Weaver A T. 2013. Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139(674):1132-1161.
Chen Y L, Hu D X. 2003. Infl uence of heat content anomaly in the tropical western pacific warm pool region on onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. Acta Meteorological Sinica, 17(Suppl. 1):213-225.
Feng J Q, Hu D X, Yu L J. 2013. Role of Western Pacific Oceanic variability in the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 30(1):219-234.
Feng J Q, Hu D X. 2014. How much does heat content of the western tropical Pacific Ocean modulate the South China Sea summer monsoon onset in the last four decades? J. Geophys. Res.:Oceans, 119(7):4029-4044, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009683.
Goswami B N, Krishnamurthy V, Annmalai H. 1999. A broadscale circulation index for the interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 125(554):611-633.
Goswami B N, Xavier P K. 2005. ENSO control on the south Asian monsoon through the length of the rainy season. Geophysical Research Letter s, 32(18), http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023216.
Graham N E. 1994. Decadal-scale climate variability in the tropical and North Pacific during the 1970s and 1980s:observations and model results. Climate Dynamics, 10(3):135-162.
Hu D X, Yu L J. 2008. An approach to prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 26(4):421-424.
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R et al. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3):437-471.
Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J et al. 2002. NCEPDOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 83(11):1631-1643.
Kumar K K, Rajagopalan B, Cane M A. 1999. On the weakening relationship between the Indian monsoon and ENSO. Science, 284(5423):2156-2159.
Li C F, Yanai M. 1996. The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land-sea thermal contrast. Journal of Climate, 9(2):358-375.
Li J P, Zeng Q C. 2002. A unifi ed monsoon index. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(8):115-1-115-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013874.
Li J P, Zeng Q C. 2003. A new monsoon index and the geographical distribution of the global monsoons.Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 20(2):299-302.
Li J P, Zeng Q C. 2005. A new monsoon index, its interannual variability and relation with monsoon precipitation. Climatic and Environmental Research, 10(3):351-365.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Meehl G A, Arblaster J M. 2003. Mechanisms for projected future changes in south Asian monsoon precipitation. Climate Dynamics, 21(7-8):659-675.
Miller A J, Cayan D R, Barnett T P et al. 1994. The 1976-77 climate shift of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanography, 7(1):21-26.
Mogensen K, Balmaseda M A, Weaver A T. 2012. The NEMOVAR ocean data assimilation system as implemented in the ECMWF ocean analysis for System 4, Technical Report TR-CMGC-12-30. CERFACS, Toulouse, France.
Nitta T, Yamada S. 1989. Recent warming of tropical sea surface temperature and its relationship to the northern hemisphere circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 67:375-383.
Sabeerali C T, Rao S A, Ajayamohan R S et al. 2012. On the relationship between Indian summer monsoon withdrawal and Indo-Pacific SST anomalies before and after 1976/1977 climate shift. Climate Dynamics, 39(3-4):841-859.
Shukla J, Paolino D A. 1983. The Southern Oscillation and long-range forecasting of the summer monsoon rainfall over India. Monthly Weather Review, 111(9):1830-1837.
Wang B, Clemens S C, Liu P. 2003. Contrasting the Indian and East Asian monsoons:implications on geologic timescales. Marine Geology, 201(1-3):5-21.
Wang B, Fan Z. 1999. Choice of South Asian summer monsoon indices. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(4):629-638.
Wang B. 1995. Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades. Journal of Climate, 8(2):267-285.
Wang B. 2006. The Asian Monsoon. Mercedes-Druck, Berlin. 865p.
Webster P J, Yang S. 1992. Monsoon and ENSO:selectively interactive systems. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 118(507):877-926.
Yan Y F, Qi Y Q, Zhou W. 2010. Interannual heat content variability in the South China Sea and its response to ENSO, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 50(3):400-414.
Copyright © Haiyang Xuebao