|
|
Cite this paper: |
|
|
LIU Haiping, YE Shaowen, YANG Xuefeng, GUO Chuanbo, ZHANG Huijuan, FAN Liqing, ZHANG Liangsong, Sovan Lek, LI Zhongjie. Spatio-temporal variability of periphytic protozoa related to environment in the Niyang River, Tibet, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2017, 35(3): 489-500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spatio-temporal variability of periphytic protozoa related to environment in the Niyang River, Tibet, China |
|
| LIU Haiping1,2,3, YE Shaowen1, YANG Xuefeng4, GUO Chuanbo1, ZHANG Huijuan3, FAN Liqing3, ZHANG Liangsong5, Sovan Lek6, LI Zhongjie1 |
|
1 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Linzhi 860000, China;
4 Xilinhot No.6 Middle School, Xilinhot 026000, China;
5 Fujian Marine Products Technical Promotion Station, Fuzhou 350003, China;
6 UMR 5174 EDB, CNRS-University Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France |
|
| Abstract: |
| The Niyang River, a main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is an important and typical plateau river ecosystem in Tibet, China. At present, few studies have focused on its aquatic living resources and river ecology. In this study, the composition, abundance, and diversity of periphytic protozoa were investigated across four seasons from 2008 to 2009 to better understand their spatio-temporal patterns and relationship to the environment. Our investigation shows that periphytic protozoa in the Niyang River contained 15 genera, belonged to Tubulinea, Alveolata, Discosea and Rhizaria, Alveolata possessed most genera, up to nine, with highest share in abundance, exceeding 50%, Difflugia and Glaucoma were dominant genera. Moreover, four diversity indices of periphytic protozoa, including species richness, total abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index, displayed a significant descending trend as the seasons continued, in the order of winter, spring, summer and autumn; with a significant difference existing between winter and summer (or autumn) for Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness (P < 0.05). Four of these diversity indices also presented a V-shaped pattern between the upper middle course of the Niyang River and the confluence of the Niyang River and Yarlung Zangbo River, with the lowest value occurred in the middle course of the Niyang River. However, no significant variation was found through the Niyang River (P > 0.05). In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) shows that the densities of Difflugia, Glaucomais, Enchelydium, Cyphoderia, and Enchelys correlate with water temperature, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and dissolved oxygen, respectively. Lastly, the relationship between periphytic protozoa diversity and the environmental factors of the Niyang River can be predicted using classification and regression trees (CART) annalysis, which suggests that the total abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index would be higher when the elevation is above 3 308 m. On the other hand, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index would be lower when pH and ammoniacal nitrogen have lower or higher values. Finally yet importantly, close attention should be paid to periphytic protozoa and its environment to ensure sustainable development of the Niyang River ecosystem. |
|
| Key words:
Tibetan Plateau|Niyang River|periphytic protozoa|environment|spatio-temporal dynamic
|
|
| Received: 2015-10-12 Revised: 2015-11-11 |
|
|
|
|
References:
Aberle N, Bauer B, Lewandowska A, Gaedke U, Sommer U. 2012. Warming induces shifts in microzooplankton phenology and reduces time-lags between phytoplankton and protozoan production. Marine Biology, 159(11): 2 441-2 453.
Adl S M, Simpson A G B, Lane C E, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser S S, Brown M W, Burki F, Dunthorn M, Hampl V, Heiss A, Hoppenrath M, Lara E, le Gall L, Lynn D H, McManus H, Mitchell E A D, Mozley-Stanridge S E, Parfrey L W, Pawlowski J, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Schoch C L, Smirnov A, Spiegel F W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59(5): 429-514.
Bai J H, Cui B S, Chen B, Zhang K J, Deng W, Gao H F, Xiao R. 2009. Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China. Ecological Modelling, 222(2): 301-306.
Biswas S N, Godhantaraman N, Rakshit D, Sarkar S K. 2013. Community composition, abundance, biomass and production rates of Tintinnids (Ciliata: Protozoa) in the coastal regions of Sundarban Mangrove wetland, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 42(2): 163-173.
Camargo J C, Velho L F M. 2011. Longitudinal variation of attributes from flagellate protozoan community in tropical streams. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 33(2): 161-169.
Camargo J C, Vieira L C G, Velho L F M. 2012. The role of limnological variables and habitat complexity in impacted tropical streams as re醙ulatory factors on the flagellate protozoa community. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24(2): 193-206.
Canals O, Serrano-Suárez A, Salvadó H et al. 2015. Effect of chlorine and temperature on free-living protozoa in operational man-made water systems (cooling towers and hot sanitary water systems) in Catalonia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(9): 6 610-6 618.
Corrêa L V A, Hardoim E L, Zeilhofer P. 2015. Is the periphytic structure of testaceans (protozoa: rhizopoda) related to water quality: a case study in the Cuiabá River, Brazil. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 13(1): 85-97.
Dorgham M M, El-Tohamy W S, Aziz N E A, El-Ghobashi A, Qin J G. 2013. Protozoa in a stressed area of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast of Damietta, Egypt. Oceanologia, 55(3): 733-750.
Dray S, Dufour A B. 2007. The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software, 22(4): 1-20.
Duan S Q, Wang J, Feng S H, Li J, Han S F. 2011. Research on the assessment of water resources vulnerability of lakes in Yunnan Plateau. China Rural Water and Hydropower, (9): 55-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Gong J, Song W B, Warren A. 2005. Periphytic ciliate colonization: annual cycle and responses to environmental conditions. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 39(2): 159-170.
Guan Z H, Chen C Y, Qu Y X et al. 1984. Rivers and Lakes in Tibet. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
He G Q. 2007. Alpine Wetland Ecosystem Service Valuation and Wetland Protection Countermeasures in Tibet. Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xi'an, China. (in Chinese)
Hu Y L, Zheng W. 2011. Research on sustainable development in plateau lake basins. Ecological Economy, (3): 168-171, 183. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang Q. 2012. The influence about Human Activities and Ecological Environment Change around Sanjiangyuan Region based on GIS. Minzu University of China, Beijing, China. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ju J T, Zhu L P, Feng J L, Wang J B, Wang Y, Xie M P, Peng P, Zhen X L, Lü X M. 2012. Hydrodynamic process of Tibetan Plateau lake revealed by grain size: case study of Pumayum Co. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(19): 2 433-2 441.
Ju L H, Yang J, Liu L M, Wilkinson D M. 2014. Diversity and distribution of freshwater testate amoebae (protozoa) along latitudinal and trophic gradients in China. Microbial Ecology, 68(4): 657-670.
Lisi P J, Schindler D E, Cline T J, Scheuerell M D, Walsh P B. 2015. Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(9): 3 380-3 388.
Liu H P, Ye S W, Yang X F, Zhang L S, Zhang H J, Fan L Q, Li Z J. 2016. Spatio-temporal characteristics of aquatic organism community and their relationship to environment in Niyang River, the branch of Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet: 4. zooplankton. Journal of Lake Sciences, 28(2): 370-378. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu H P, Ye S W, Yang X F, Zhang L S, Zhong G H, He Y P, Basang, Li Z J. 2014. Spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic organism community and their relationships to environment in Niyang River, Tibet: 3. macrozoobenthos. Journal of Lake Sciences, 26(1): 154-160. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu H P, Ye S W, Yang X F, Zhang L S, Zhong G H, He Y P, Li Z J. 2013b. Spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic organism community and their relationships to environment in Niyang River, Tibet: 2. Periphytic algae. Journal of Lake Sciences, 25(6): 907-915. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu H P, Ye S W, Yang X F, Zhang L S, Zhong G H, Li Z J. 2013a. Spatial-temporal dynamics of aquatic organism community and their relationships to environment in Niyang River, Tibet: 1. Phytoplankton. Journal of Lake Sciences, 25(5): 695-706. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu H P, Zhong G H, Ye S W, Zhang L S, Zhang H J, Fan L Q, Basang, Li Z J. 2015. Multivariate statistical analysis of water environment for Niyang River, the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet. Journal of Lake Sciences, 27(6): 1 187-1 196. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu J K. 1999. Advanced Hydrobiology. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Luosang L Z D J. 2005. Utilization and protection of water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Resources Science, 27(2): 23-27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma X F, Liu D Q, Xiong B X, Wang W M. 2005. Studies on the attached protozoan community structure in the Daoguanhe reservoir. Reservoir Fisheries, 25(5): 61-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China. 2002. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Environmental Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Neto E V S. 2001. Índices ecológicos de comunidades de Testacea (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) no Rio Cuiabá- perímetro urbano de Rosário Oeste, Mato Grosso. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá. Pepin N, Bradley R S, Diaz H F et al. 2015. Elevationdependent warming in mountain regions of the world. Nature Climate Change, 5(5): 424-430.
Pielou E C. 1975. Ecological Diversity. Wiley, New York. 165p.
Puigagut J, Maltais-Landry G, Gagnon V, Brisson J. 2012. Are ciliated protozoa communities affected by macrophyte species, date of sampling and location in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands? Water Research, 46(9): 3 005-3 013.
Qin D H, Chen Y Y. 2005a. China's Climate and Environmental Evolution (Volume 1): The Evolution and Forecast of China's Climate and Environment. Science Press, Beijing. p.389-390. (in Chinese)
Qin D H, Chen Y Y. 2005b. China's Climate and Environmental Evolution (Volume 2): The Influence, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy of Climate and Environment Changes. Science Press, Beijing. p.98-109. (in Chinese)
Rakshit D, Biswas S N, Sarkar S K, Bhattacharya B D, Godhantaraman N, Satpathy K K. 2014. Seasonal variations in species composition, abundance, biomass and production rate of tintinnids (Ciliata: Protozoa) along the Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary, India: a multivariate approach. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(5): 3 063-3 078.
Sarah E N, Joshua H V, Michael L D, et al. 2013. Stream temperature sensitivity to climate warming in California's Sierra Nevada: impacts to coldwater habitat. Climatic Change, 116(S1): 149-170.
Segura C, Caldwell P, Sun G, McNulty S, Zhang Y. 2015. A model to predict stream water temperature across the conterminous USA. Hydrological Processes, 29(9): 2 178-2 195.
|
|
|
|