|
|
Cite this paper: |
|
|
LIU Huilian, Kamil ZÁGORŠEK, WANG Shiwei, MA Shide, Paul D. TAYLOR. Interactions between Cryptosula and Watersipora (Bryozoa:Cheilostomata) on a ship's hull in Qingdao Harbour (South Yellow Sea) after five and a half years of immersion[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2017, 35(5): 1179-1188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interactions between Cryptosula and Watersipora (Bryozoa:Cheilostomata) on a ship's hull in Qingdao Harbour (South Yellow Sea) after five and a half years of immersion |
|
| LIU Huilian1, Kamil ZÁGORŠEK1,2, WANG Shiwei1, MA Shide1, Paul D. TAYLOR3 |
|
1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Department of Geography, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom |
|
| Abstract: |
| The distributions of two ubiquitous fouling cheilostome bryozoans, Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803) and Watersipora sp., on a ship moored for almost six years in Qingdao Bay show differences with respect to illumination, Cryptosula being dominant on the side of the ship which was exposed to the sun and Watersipora dominating on the other side which was in shadow for most of the time. Competitive interactions for substrate space were nearly always won by Watersipora, which succeeded in overgrowing the edges of Cryptosula colonies regardless of the side of the ship. Reasons for the superiority of Watersipora in spatial competition with Cryptosula could include faster growth rate and the stronger feeding currents created by the larger lophophores of Watersipora. |
|
| Key words:
macrobenthic fauna|megabenthic fauna|diversity|East China Sea|Kuroshio Current
|
|
| Received: 2016-03-28 Revised: 2016-06-22 |
|
|
|
|
References:
Abdel-Salam K M, Ramadan S E. 2008. Fouling Bryozoa from some Alexandria harbours, Egypt. (Ⅱ) encrusting species.Mediterranean Marine Science, 9(2):5-20.
Amui-Vedel A M, Hayward P J, Porter J S. 2007. Zooid size and growth rate of the bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana Moll in relation to temperature, in culture and in its natural environment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 353(1):1-12.
Calvet L. 1900. Contribution à l'histoire naturelle des bryozoaires ectoproctes marins. Travaux de l'institut de zoologie de l'Université de Montpellier et de la station zoologique de Cette Memoire, 8:1-488.
Cohen A N. 2011. The exotics guide:non-native marine species of the North American Pacific coast. Center for Research on Aquatic Bioinvasions, Richmond, CA, and San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA. September 2011. http://www.exoticsguide.org/. Accessed 2015-09-11.
d'Orbigny A. 1852. Paléontologie française, Terrains Crétacés, V, Bryozoaires. Victor Masson, Paris. p.185-472.
Fine M, Loya Y. 2003. Alternate coral-bryozoan competitive superiority during coral bleaching. Marine Biology, 142(5):989-996, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0982-7.
Floerl O, Pool T K, Inglis G J. 2004. Positive interactions between nonindigenous species facilitate transport by human vectors. Ecological Applications, 14(6):1 724-1 736, http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-5399.
Gordon D P, Mawatari S F. 1992. Atlas of marine-fouling Bryozoa of New Zealand ports and harbours.Miscellaneous Publication New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 107:1-52.
Heller C. 1867. Die Bryozoen des adriatischen Meeres.Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17:77-136.
Hincks T. 1882. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part X. Foreign Cheilostomata(Miscellaneous). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5(10):160-170.
Jackson J B C. 1983. Biological determinants of present and past sessile animal distributions. In:Tevez M J S, McCall P L eds. Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities. Springer, New York. p.39-107.
Kuklinski P, Sokolowski A, Ziolkowska M, Balazy P, Novosel M, Barnes D K A. 2013. Growth rate of selected sheetencrusting bryozoan colonies along a latitudinal transect:preliminary results. In:Ernst A, Schäfer P, Scholz J eds.Bryozoan Studies 2010. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.p.155-167.
Lonhart S I. 2012. Growth and distribution of the invasive bryozoan Watersipora in Monterey Harbor, California. In:Steller D, Lobel L eds. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 31st Symposium.AAUS, Dauphin Island, AL. p.89-98.
Mackie J A, Darling J A, Geller J B. 2012. Ecology of cryptic invasions:latitudinal segregation among Watersipora(Bryozoa) species. Scientific Reports, 2:871, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep00871.
Mawatari S. 1952. On Watersipora cucullata (Busk) I.Systematic study. Miscellaneous Reports of the Tokyo Research Institute of Natural Resources, 25:14-17.
McKenzie L A, Johnston E L, Brooks R. 2012. Using clones and copper to resolve the genetic architecture of metal tolerance in a marine invader. Ecology and Evolution, 2(6):1 319-1 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.41.
McKinney F K. 1992. Competitive interactions between related clades:evolutionary implications of overgrowth interactions between encrusting cyclostome and cheilostome bryozoans. Marine Biology, 114(4):645-652.
Moll J P C. 1803. Eschara, ex zoophytorum, seu, phytozoorum ordine pulcherrimum ac notatu dignissimum genus, novis speciebus auctum, methodice descriptum et iconibus ad naturam delineatis illustratum. Camesiniana, Vindobonae.p.1-70.
Nandakumar K, Tanaka M, Kikuchi T. 1993. Interspecific competition among fouling organisms in Tomioka Bay, Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 94(1):43-50.
Nandakumar K, Tanaka M. 1994. Effects of neighboring organisms on the growth of three intertidal encrusting cheilostome bryozoans. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 114:157-163.
O'Dea A, Okamura B. 1999. Influence of seasonal variation in temperature, salinity and food availability on module size and colony growth of the estuarine bryozoan Conopeum seurati. Marine Biology, 135(4):581-588.
Okada Y, Mawatari S. 1937. On the collection of Bryozoa along the coast of Onagawa Bay and its vicinity, the northern part of Honshu, Japan. Science Reports Tôhoku University, 11:433-445.
Okada Y. 1929. Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay, 12, Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of Muts Bay. Sciences Report of the Tohoku Imperial University, 4:11-35.
Okamura B, Bishop J D D. 1988. Zooid size in cheilostome Bryozoans as an indicator of relative palaeotemperature.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 66(3-4):145-152.
Okamura B. 1987. Seasonal changes in zooid size and feeding activity in epifaunal colonies of Electra pilosa. In:Ross J R P ed. Bryozoa:Present and Past. Western Washington University, Bellingham. p.197-203.
Ostrovsky A N, O'Dea A, Rodríguez F. 2009. Comparative anatomy of internal incubational sacs in cupuladriid bryozoans and the evolution of brooding in free-living cheilostomes. Journal of Morphology, 270(12):1 413-1 430.
Ryland J S, De Blauwe H, Lord R, Mackie J A. 2009. Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species. Zootaxa, 2093:43-59.
Seo J E. 1999. Taxonomic review of Korean Watersipora(Bryozoa, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata). Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 15(2):221-229.
Sorte C J B, Williams S L, Zerebecki R A. 2010. Ocean warming increases threat of invasive species in a marine fouling community. Ecology, 91(8):2 198-2 204.
Trask J B. 1857. On some new microscopic organisms.Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, 1:99-102.
Vieira L M, Jones M S, Taylor P D. 2014. The identity of the invasive fouling bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata(d'Orbigny) and some other congeneric species. Zootaxa, 3857(2):151-182.
Winston J E. 1982. Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area, Florida. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173:99-176.
|
|
|
|