Evaluation of removal of the size effect using data scaling and elliptic Fourier descriptors in otolith shape analysis, exemplified by the discrimination of two yellow croaker stocks along the Chinese coast -- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(6):1482-1492

	Cite this paper:
	ZHAO Bo, LIU Jinhu, SONG Junjie, CAO Liang, DOU Shuozeng. Evaluation of removal of the size effect using data scaling and elliptic Fourier descriptors in otolith shape analysis, exemplified by the discrimination of two yellow croaker stocks along the Chinese coast[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2017, 35(6): 1482-1492

Evaluation of removal of the size effect using data scaling and elliptic Fourier descriptors in otolith shape analysis, exemplified by the discrimination of two yellow croaker stocks along the Chinese coast

ZHAO Bo^1,2, LIU Jinhu¹, SONG Junjie^1,2, CAO Liang¹, DOU Shuozeng^1,2,3

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

Removal of the length effect in otolith shape analysis for stock identification using length scaling is an important issue; however, few studies have attempted to investigate the effectiveness or weakness of this methodology in application. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether commonly used size scaling methods and normalized elliptic Fourier descriptors (NEFDs) could effectively remove the size effect of fish in stock discrimination. To achieve this goal, length groups from two known geographical stocks of yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, along the Chinese coast (five groups from the Changjiang River estuary of the East China Sea and three groups from the Bohai Sea) were subjected to otolith shape analysis. The results indicated that the variation of otolith shape caused by intra-stock fish length might exceed that due to inter-stock geographical separation, even when otolith shape variables are standardized with length scaling methods. This variation could easily result in misleading stock discrimination through otolith shape analysis. Therefore, conclusions about fish stock structure should be carefully drawn from otolith shape analysis because the observed discrimination may primarily be due to length effects, rather than differences among stocks. The application of multiple methods, such as otoliths shape analysis combined with elemental fingering, tagging or genetic analysis, is recommended for sock identification.

Key words: otolith shape analysis|data scaling for fish length|stock discrimination|removal of length effect

Received: 2016-01-25 Revised: 2016-04-01

Tools

PDF (589 KB) Free

Print this page

Add to favorites

Email this article to others

Authors

Articles by ZHAO Bo

Articles by LIU Jinhu

Articles by SONG Junjie

Articles by CAO Liang

Articles by DOU Shuozeng

References:
Begg G A, Brown R W. 2000. Stock identification of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges bank based on otolith shape analysis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 129(4):935-945.
Begg G A, Waldman J R. 1999. An holistic approach to fish stock identification. Fish. Res., 43(1-3):35-44.
Bentzen P, Taggart C T, Ruzzante D E, Cook D. 1996.Microsatellite polymorphism and the population structure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northwest Atlantic.Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 53(12):2 706-2 721.
Bolles K L, Begg G A. 2000. Distinction between silver hake(Merluccius bilinearis) stocks in U. S. waters of the northwest Atlantic based on whole otolith morphometrics.Fish. Bull., 98(3):451-462.
Burke N, Brophy D, King P A. 2008. Shape analysis of otolith annuli in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus); a new method for tracking fish populations. Fish. Res., 91(2-3):133-143.
Campana S E, Casselman J M. 1993. Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 50(5):1 062-1 083.
Campana S E. 1999. Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths:pathways, mechanisms and applications. Mar.Ecol. Prog. Ser., 188:263-297.
Cardinale M, Doering-Arjes P, Kastowsky M, Mosegaard H. 2004. Effects of sex, stock, and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths. Can.J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61(2):158-167.
Castonguay M, Simard P, Gagnon P. 1991. Usefulness of Fourier analysis of otolith shape for atlantic mackerel(Scomber scombrus) stock discrimination. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci., 48(2):296-302.
Crampton J S. 1995. Elliptic Fourier shape analysis of fossil bivalves:some practical considerations. Lethaia, 28(2):179-186.
DeVries D A, Grimes C B, Prager M H. 2002. Using otolith shape analysis to distinguish eastern Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean stocks of king mackerel. Fish. Res., 57(1):51-62.
Dou S Z, Yu X, Cao L. 2012. Otolith shape analysis and its application in fish stock discrimination:a case study.Oceanol. Limnol. Sin., 43(4):702-712. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Guo X P, Jin X S, Dai F Q. 2006. Growth variations of small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker) in the Bohai Sea. J. Fish. Sci. China, 13(2):243-249. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin X S. 1996. Ecology and population dynamics of small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker) in the Yellow Sea. J. Fish. Sci. China, 3(1):32-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Legua J, Plaza G, Perez D, Arkhipkin A. 2013. Otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock identification of the southern blue whiting, Micromesistius australis. Lat. Am. J. Aquat.Res., 41(3):479-489.
Lleonart J, Salat J, Torres G J. 2000. Removing allometric effects of body size in morphological analysis. J. Theor.Biol., 205(1):85-93.
Lombarte A, Lleonart J. 1993. Otolith size changes related with body growth, habitat depth and temperature. Environ.Biol. Fishes, 37(3):297-306.
Longmore C, Fogarty K, Neat F, Brophy D, Trueman C, Milton A, Mariani S. 2010. A comparison of otolith microchemistry and otolith shape analysis for the study of spatial variation in a deep-sea teleost, Coryphaenoides rupestris. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 89(3-4):591-605.
Meng Z N, Zhuang Z M, Jin X S, Tang Q S, Su Y Q. 2003.Genetic diversity in small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis) by RAPD analysis. Biodiv. Sci., 11(3):197-203. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Neves A, Sequeira V, Farias I, Vieira A R, Paiva R, Gordo L S. 2011. Discriminating bluemouth, Helicolenus dactylopterus (Pisces:Sebastidae), stocks in Portuguese waters by means of otolith shape analysis. J. Mar. Biol.Assoc. U. K., 91(6):1 237-1 242.
Smith R J. 1984. Allometric scaling in comparative biology:problems of concept and method. Am. J. Physiol., 246(2):R152-R160.
Smith S J, Campana S E. 2010. Integrated stock mixture analysis for continous and categorical data, with application to genetic-otolith combinations. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci., 67(10):1 533-1 548.
Thalib L, Kitching R L, Bhatti M I. 1999. Principal component analysis for grouped data-A case study. Environmetrics, 10(5):565-574.
Thresher R E. 1999. Elemental composition of otoliths as a stock delineator in fishes. Fish. Res., 43(1-3):165-204.
Torres G J, Lombarte A, Morales-Nin B. 2000. Sagittal otolith size and shape variability to identify geographical intraspecific differences in three species of the genus Merluccius. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., 80(2):333-342.
Tracey S R, Lyle J M, Duhamel G. 2006. Application of elliptical Fourier analysis of otolith form as a tool for stock identification. Fish. Res., 77(2):138-147.
Tuset V M, Lombarte A, González J A, Pertusa J F, Lorente M. 2003. Comparative morphology of the sagittal otolith in Serranus spp. J. Fish Biol., 63(6):1 491-1 504.
Xiao Y S, Zhang Y, Gao T X, Yanagimoto T, Yabe M, Sakurai Y. 2009. Genetic diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure in the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 85(4):303-314.
Xu Z L, Chen J J. 2010. Population division of Larimichthys polyactis in China Sea. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol, 21(11):2 856-2 864. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ye C C. 1991. Small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis).In:Deng J Y, Zhao C Y eds. Marine Fisheries Biology.China Agriculture Press, Beijing, China. p.164-200. (in Chinese)
Yu X, Cao L, Liu J H, Zhao B, Shan X J, Dou S Z. 2014.Application of otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination and species identification of five goby species (Perciformes:Gobiidae) in the northern Chinese coastal waters. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 32(5):1 060-1 073.
Zhang C, Ye Z J, Wan R, Ma Q Y, Li Z G. 2014. Investigating the population structure of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) using internal and external features of otoliths. Fish. Res., 153:41-47.