Cite this paper:
ZANG Nan, WANG Fan, SPRINTALL Janet. The intermediate water in the Philippine Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(5): 1343-1353

The intermediate water in the Philippine Sea
ZANG Nan1,2,3,4, WANG Fan1,2,3,4, SPRINTALL Janet5
1 CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
3 Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;
4 College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China;
5 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U. C. San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0230, U. S. A
Abstract:
The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in the Philippine Sea were explored using Argo profiles and gridded Argo data. As the salinity minimum of intermediate water from mid-high latitude of the southern and northern hemisphere of the Pacific Ocean, the properties of AAIW and NPIW merge at about 10°N with different properties in the Philippine Sea. The core of AAIW is located below 600 dbar with potential density of 27 ≤ σθ ≤ 27.3 kg/m3 and salinity of 34.5 ≤ S ≤ 34.55. The core of NPIW is located between 300-700 dbar with potential density of 26.2 ≤ σθ ≤ 27 kg/m3 and salinity of 34 ≤ S ≤ 34.4. The volume of AAIW and NPIW during January 2004 to December 2017 is negatively correlated. The time series of AAIW and NPIW is dominated by significant periods of 6 and 8 months, respectively. The variations of AAIW and NPIW are mainly affected by volume transport through a 130°E section by the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC).
Key words:    the intermediate water|the Antarctic Intermediate Water|the North Pacific Intermediate Water|seasonal variation   
Received: 2020-01-16   Revised: 2020-04-03
Tools
PDF (3020 KB) Free
Print this page
Add to favorites
Email this article to others
Authors
Articles by ZANG Nan
Articles by WANG Fan
Articles by SPRINTALL Janet
References:
Bingham F M, Lukas R. 1994. The southward intrusion of North Pacific intermediate water along the Mindanao Coast.Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24(1):141-154, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0141:TSIONP>2.0.CO;2.
Bingham F M, Lukas R. 1995. The distribution of intermediate water in the western equatorial Pacific during JanuaryFebruary 1986. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers, 42(9):1 545-1 573.
Bingham F M, Suga T. 2006. Distributions of mixed layer properties in North Pacific water mass formation areas:comparison of Argo floats and World Ocean Atlas 2001.Ocean Science, 2(1):61-70, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2-61-2006.
Fine R A, Lukas R, Bingham F M, Warner M J, Gammon R H. 1994. The western equatorial Pacific:a water mass crossroads. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 99(C12):25 063-25 080, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC02277.
Firing E, Kashino Y, Hacker P. 2005. Energetic subthermocline currents observed east of Mindanao. Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography, 52(3-4):605-613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.007.
Gao S, Qu T D, Hu D X. 2012. Origin and pathway of the Luzon Undercurrent identified by a simulated adjoint tracer. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 117(C5):C05011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007748.
Hanawa K, Talley L D. 2001. Mode waters. In:International Geophysics. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Hu D X, Cui M C. 1989. The western boundary current in the far Western Pacific Ocean. In:Picaut J, Lukas R, Delcroix T eds. Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on Toga Coare:Proceedings. ORSTOM, Nouméa.
Hu D X, Cui M C. 1991. The western boundary current of the pacific and its role in the climate. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 9(1):1-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02849784.
Hu D X, Hu S J, Wu L X, Li L, Zhang L L, Diao X Y, Chen Z H, Li Y L, Wang F, Yuan D L. 2013. Direct measurements of the Luzon undercurrent. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(7):1 417-1 425, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0165.1.
Kashino Y, Ishida A, Kuroda Y. 2005. Variability of the Mindanao Current:mooring observation results.Geophysical Research Letters, 32(18):L18611, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023880.
Nitani H. 1972. Beginning of the Kuroshio. In:Stommel H, Yoshida K eds. Kuroshio:its physical aspects. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p.129-163.
Oka E, Suga T. 2005. Differential Formation and Circulation of North Pacific Central Mode Water. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35(11):1 997-2 011, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2811.1.
Qiu B, Lukas R. 1996. Seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current, the Mindanao Current, and the Kuroshio along the Pacific western boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 101(C5):12 315-12 330, http://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03204.
Qiu B, Rudnick D L, Cerovecki I, Cornuelle B D, Chen S M, Schönau M C, McClean J L, Gopalakrishnan G. 2015.The Pacific North equatorial current:new insights from the origins of the Kuroshio and Mindanao Currents(OKMC) Project. Oceanography, 28(4):24-33, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.78.
Qiu B, Rudnick D L, Chen S M, Kashino Y. 2013. Quasistationary North Equatorial Undercurrent jets across the tropical North Pacific Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(10):2 183-2 187, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50394.
Qu T D, Chiang T L, Wu C R, Dutrieux P, Hu D X. 2012.Mindanao Current/Undercurrent in an eddy-resolving GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 117(6):C06026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007838.
Qu T D, Gan J P, Ishida A, Kashino Y, Tozuka T. 2008.Semiannual variation in the western tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(16):L16602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035058.
Qu T D, Kagimoto T, Yamagata T. 1997. A subsurface countercurrent along the east coast of Luzon. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers, 44(3):413-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00121-5.
Qu T D, Lindstrom E J. 2004. Northward intrusion of Antarctic intermediate water in the Western Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34(9):2 104-2 118, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<2104:NIOAIW>2.0.CO;2.
Qu T D, Mitsudera H, Yamagata T. 1998. On the western boundary currents in the Philippine Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 103(C4):7 537-7 548, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC00263.
Qu T D, Mitsudera H, Yamagata T. 1999. A climatology of the circulation and water mass distribution near the Philippine Coast. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29(7):1 488-1 505, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1488:ACOTCA>2.0.CO;2.
Reid J L, Mantyla A W. 1978. On the mid-depth circulation of the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 8(6):946-951, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1978)008<0946:OTMDCO>2.0.CO;2.
Ren Q P, Li Y L, Wang F, Song L N, Liu C Y, Zhai F G. 2018.Seasonality of the Mindanao current/undercurrent system.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 123(2):1 105-1 122, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013474.
Sarmiento J L, Hughes T M C, Stouffer R J, Manabe S. 1998.Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming. Nature, 393(6682):245-249, https://doi.org/10.1038/30455.
Schönau M C, Rudnick D L. 2017. Mindanao Current and Undercurrent:thermohaline structure and transport from repeat glider observations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47(8):2 055-2 075, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0274.1.
Schönau M C, Rudnick D L, Cerovecki I, Gopalakrishnan G, Cornuelle B D, McClean J L, Qiu B. 2015. The Mindanao Current:mean structure and connectivity. Oceanography, 28(4):34-45, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.79.
Talley L D. 1993. Distribution and formation of north Pacific intermediate water. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23(3):517-537, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0517:DAFONP>2.0.CO;2.
Talley L D. 1997. North Pacific intermediate water transports in the mixed water region. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27(8):1 795-1 803, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1795:NPIWTI>2.0.CO;2.
Talley L D, Nagata Y, Fujimura M, Iwao T, Kono T, Inagake D, Hirai M, Okuda K. 1995. North Pacific intermediate water in the Kuroshio/Oyashio mixed water region.Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(4):475-501, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0475:NPI WIT>2.0.CO;2.
Talley L D, Sprintall J. 2005. Deep expression of the Indonesian Throughflow:Indonesian intermediate water in the South Equatorial Current. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 110(C10):C10009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jc002826.
Toole J, Millard R, Wang Z, Pu S. 1990. Observations of the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation at the Philippine coast. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 20(2):307-318, http://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1990) 020<0307:OOTPNE>2.0.CO;2.
Tsunogai S, Watanabe S, Honda M, Aramaki T. 1995. North Pacific Intermediate Water studied chiefly with radiocarbon. Journal of Oceanography, 51(5):519-536, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02270522.
Wang F, Hu D X. 1998. Dynamic and thermohaline properties of the Mindanao Undercurrent I. dynamic structure.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 16(2):122-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02845177.
Wang F, Hu D X. 1999. Preliminary study on the formation mechanism of counter western boundary undercurrents below the thermocline-A conceptual model. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 17(1):1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842694.
Wang F, Song L N, Li Y L, Liu C Y, Wang J N, Lin P F, Yang G, Zhao J, Diao X Y, Zhang D X, Hu D X. 2016. Semiannually alternating exchange of intermediate waters east of the Philippines. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(13):7 059-7 065, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069323.
Wang F, Zang N, Li Y L, Hu D X. 2015. On the subsurface countercurrents in the Philippine Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 120(1):131-144, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009690.
Wang Q Y, Hu D X. 2012. Origin of the Luzon Undercurrent.Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(1):51-60, https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1020.
Yasuda I. 1997. The origin of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 102(C1):893-909, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC02938.
Yasuda I, Okuda K, Shimizu Y. 1996. Distribution and modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water in the Kuroshio-Oyashio interfrontal zone. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(4):448-465, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0448:DAMONP>2.0.CO;2.
Zenk W, Siedler G, Ishida A, Holfort J, Kashino Y, Kuroda Y, Miyama T, Müller T J. 2005. Pathways and variability of the Antarctic intermediate water in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 67(1-2):245-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.05.003.
Zhang L L, Hu D X, Hu S J, Wang F, Wang F J, Yuan D L. 2014. Mindanao Current/Undercurrent measured by a subsurface mooring. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 119(6):3 617-3 628, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009693.
Copyright © Haiyang Xuebao