2019, Vol. 37
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Article Information
- WANG Yueyun, WANG Chunsheng
- Catalogue of Polychaete species (Annelida) described from China Seas during 2008-2017
- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 37(2): 724-735
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8022-3
Article History
- Received Feb. 1, 2018
- accepted in principle Mar. 31, 2018
- accepted for publication Jun. 12, 2018
Polychaetes are one of the most abundant and most diverse invertebrate groups in marine benthic communities. They regularly contribute 30%–60% of all individuals in continental shelf and deep-sea substrates (Schüller et al., 2009). However, their distributions and taxonomic diversity are poorly understood compared to other taxa of similar ecological importance. This has been hindered polychaetes data application in environmental evaluation and ecological analysis.
There are several local polychaete checklists available. Yang and Sun (1988) reviewed common species found in China coastal waters and reported 53 families 205 genera and 356 species. Their works are widely accepted and diffused. Paxton and Chou (2000) compiled a list of 661 polychaete species from the South China Sea based mainly on literature reports. In the checklist of marine biota of China Seas (Liu, 2008), 60 families and 1 065 species of Polychaeta were recorded, but less than half of families were taxonomically studied. Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014) present a checklist of species described from the Philippine and China Seas, excluding Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea. This checklist contains 1 037 species, 345 genera and 60 families. During the last ten years (2008–2017), many survey cruises have been carried on and retrieved many specimens from China coastal waters, resulting in a further revelation of polychaetes diversity. Here, polychaetes species described from China coastal waters are compiled as an aid for taxonomists, systematists, and ecologists underdoing benthic ecology studies. The present review is supplementary to Liu (2008) catalogue of polychaetes and it includes annotations on the taxonomy for some species.
Polychaete families and species names are presented alphabetically. For all species names, author, publication year, number of pages and figures, holotype and paratypes deposited numbers, type locality, and geographical distribution are given. In some cases, species synonyms and remarks on possible taxonomical problems are given.
2 MUSEUM AND INSTITUTIONS ACRONYMSAM: Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
ASIZW: Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Province, China
BMNH: Natural History Museum, London, UK
BPBM: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
CBM: Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
CMNH: Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan
ECSFRI: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
MBM, MBMCAS: Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
NMNS: National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan Province, China
NMW: National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK
NZMC: National Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
SAMA: South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
SCSMBC: South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
SMF: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany
SMNH: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
SWIMS: The Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, HK, China
USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
ZMUC: Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
ZMB: Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
3 RESULTThis catalogue contains 47 species, 32 genera and 17 families described from China Seas in 2008–2017 and one species (Micronephthys oculifera Mackie) described in 2000 that is not included in Liu (2008) catalogue. The type localities of these species are shown in Fig. 1. Type localities are mainly distributed in northern South China Sea and Taiwan Island. It is noteworthy that relatively few records occur in the East China Sea. The general trend of species number described from China Seas was increasing year by year (Fig. 2). The number rose to fourteen in 2017. In the last ten years, there has been a growing number of Chinese authors working on polychaetes taxonomy (Fig. 2). We can anticipate the number of described species will continue its raising trend.
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| Fig.1 Sampling sites of polychaetes species described from China Seas |
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| Fig.2 Species number described from China Seas every year (2008–2017) Accumulative number of authors: accumulative number of Chinese authors working on polychaetes taxonomy from 2008; authors number: number of Chinese authors describing polychaetes each yeah; species number: number of polychaete species descried from China Seas every year. Data from list of authors in the references. |
Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866
Genus Amphicteis Grube, 1850
Amphicteis Grube, 1850: 330. Type species: Amphitrite gunneri Sars, 1835: 50–51, pl. 11, fig. 30.
Amphicteis chinensis Sui & Li, 2017a: 821–824, figs. 2–3. Holotype: MBM 190204. Paratype: MBM 001700. Type locality: East China Sea, 126°04′24″E, 32°09′12″N, 105 m.
Geographic distribution: South China Sea and East China Sea.
Genus Paramphicteis Caullery, 1944
Paramphicteis Caullery, 1944: 83. Type species: Sabellides angustifolia Grube, 1878: 206–207, pl. 12, fig. 1.
Pseudoamphicteis Hutchings, 1977: 5. Type species: Pseudoamphicteis papillosa Hutchings, 1977: 5–6, fig. 3a–e. Syn. by Reuscher et al., 2015: 934.
Paramphicteis sinensis (Sui and Li, 2014): 376-380, figs. 2–4. Holotype: MBM 190206. Paratypes: MBM 190137, MBM 190138, MBM 190073. Type locality: Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea, 120°17′12″E, 36°01′48″N, 11 m.
Geographic distribution: Yellow Sea, East China Sea.
Genus Phyllocomus Grube, 1877
Phyllocomus Grube, 1877: 543. Type species: P. crocea Grube, 1877: 543–544.
Phyllocomus chinensis Sui & Li, 2017b: 13–19, figs. 1–3. Holotype: MBM 285071. Paratypes: MBM 285072. Type locality: Yellow Sea, 123°58′17″E, 36°59′28″N, 77 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Family Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818
Genus Alleurythoe Sun & Li, 2017
Alleurythoe Sun & Li, 2017: 1–10. Type species: A. tenuichaeta Sun & Li, 2017: 1–10.
Alleurythoe tenuichaeta Sun & Li, 2017: 1–10, figs. 1–2. Holotype: MBM 200146. Paratype: MBM 010006. Type locality: Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea, 109°15′E, 20°15′N, 38 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Linopherus de Quatrefages, 1866
Linopherus de Quatrefages, 1866: 407. Type species: Amphinome incarunculata Peters, 1854: 611.
Linopherus beibuwanensis Sun & Li, 2016: 37–43, fig. 1. Holotype: MBM 010010. Paratypes: MBM 200142–200145, MBM 200122. Type locality: Beibu Gulf, China, 108°06′E, 21°15′N, 91 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Family Chaetopteridae Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
Genus Chaetopterus Cuvier, 1830
Chaetopterus Cuvier, 1830: 208. Type species: C. pergamentaceus Cuvier, 1830: 208.
Chaetopterus qiani Sun & Qiu, 2014: 303–309, figs. 1A–G, 2A–H. Holotype: MBM 179979. Paratypes: MBM 79980–79986, AM W46121-W46129 and AM W46131. Type locality: Hong Kong, China, 114°16′58.70″E, 22°20′37.15″N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks: Two Chaetopterus species have been reported from China coastal areas: C. qiani and C. variopedatus (Renier, 1804; Type locality: the Mediterranean). The latter species is reported from low water line alone Shandong Peninsula, but this species identification is questionable. Chaetopterus variopedatus was thought to be a cosmopolitan species, but this idea was rejected by many researches (Petersen, 1984, 1997; Osborn et al., 2007; Martin et al., 2008). In the key to species of Sun and Qiu (2014), C. variopedatus records might correspond to C. kagosimensis Izuka, 1911 that is not included in the key. Chaetopterus variopedatus reported from Shandong Peninsula is a large species with adult specimen more than 200 mm in length, while C. qiani is small with longest specimen 35.6 mm. Notopodium in chaetiger 4 of C. qiani has three or four rows of large modified cheatae, while that of C. variopedatus has only one row of modified cheatae.
Genus Mesochaetopterus Potts, 1914
Mesochaetopterus Potts, 1914: 957. Type species: M. minutus Potts, 1914: 958.
Mesochaetopterus formosana Nishi & Hsieh, 2009: 370–379, figs. 2, 3. Holotype: ASIZW 715. Paratypes: NHM-2008.3467; USNM 1116466, ZMUC-POL-1983, SMF 17371; ZMB "Vermes" 11363; ASIZW 716–717, CMNH-ZW 1694, CBMZW 1008, SAMA E 3689, BPBM-R 3047. Type locality: Pingtung County, offshore island, southwestern Taiwan Island, 120.359°–120.388°E, 22.334°–22.345°N, < 1 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis Zhang, Rouse & Qiu, 2015: 495–506, figs. 1–5, Table. 2–3. Holotype: MBM 240650. Paratypes: MBM 240651–240659, AM W.47811–47814. Type locality: intertidal zone of Ting Kok, Hong Kong, 114°12′42″E, 22°28′09″N, intertidal zone.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Phyllochaetopterus Grube, 1863
Phyllochaetopterus Grube, 1863: 52–54. Type species: P. gracilis Grube, 1863: 52–54, pl.5, fig. 4.
Phyllochaetopterus hainanensis Wang & Li, 2017: 360–366, figs. 1–4. Holotype: MBM 283026. Paratypes: MBM 190829, MBM 283027–283029, MBM 283031–283032. Type locality: intertidal beach, Lingao Harbor, Hainan Island, northern South China Sea.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Family Eulepethidae Chamberlin, 1919
Genus Eulepethus Chamberlin, 1919
Eulepethus Chamberlin, 1919: 90. Type species: Eulepis hamifera Grube, 1875: 71.
Eulepethus nanhaiensis Zhang, Zhang, Osborn, & Qiu, 2017: 581–593, figs. 1–5, Table 1. Holotype: MBM 285075. Paratypes: MBM 285076–285084, AM W.49067. Type locality: Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, 114°38′39.84″E, 22°31′42.96″N, 19.0 m.
Geographic distribution: muddy bottom of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, Daya Bay, and Shantou along the coasts of Guangdong Province, 13–30 m.
Family Eunicidae Berthold, 1827
Genus Eunice Cuvier, 1817
Eunice Cuvier, 1817: 524–525. Type species: Nereis aphroditois Pallas, 1788.
Eunice carrerai Wu, Sun, Liu & Xu, 2013: 249-264, figs. 5–8. Holotype: MBM 191171. Paratypes: MBM 191170, MBM 191172–191174, MBM 191176, MBM 191112–191114. Type locality: from coral reef, Yalong Bay, Hainan Island, 109°36′E, 18°12′N, 5 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Eunice hainanensis Wu, Sun, Liu & Xu, 2013: 249–264, figs. 1–4. Holotype: MBM 119816. Paratype: MBM 119817. Type locality: coral reef, Daoliao Cun, Hainan Island, 109°30′E, 19°54′N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Eunice jihueiensis Hsueh & Li, 2014: 151–172, fig. 5. Holotype: NMNS 6993. Type locality: Jihuei, Taitung County, Taiwan Province, 121°24′11″E, 23°06′53″N, intertidal algal and coral mixed reefs.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Eunice reticulata Hsueh & Li, 2014: 151–172, fig. 6. Holotype: NMNS 6695. Paratypes: NMNS 2572- 113, NMNS 2572-113-1, NMNS 2572-111, NMNS 2572-118. Type locality: Jihuei, Taitung County, Taiwan Province, 121°24′11″E, 23°06′53″N, intertidal algal and coral mixed reefs.
Geographic distribution: known only from Taiwan Island, occurs on northeastern, eastern and southern coasts of Taiwan Island.
Eunice shihmenensis Hsueh & Li, 2014: 151–172, fig. 7. Holotype: NMNS 6696-1. Paratypes: NMNS 6696-2, NMNS 6696-3. Type locality: Shihmen, New Taipei, Taiwan Province, 121°34′11″E, 25°17′50″N, intertidal algal reef.
Geographic distribution: known only from Taiwan Island, occurs on northwestern and eastern coasts of Taiwan Island.
Eunice taoi Hsueh & Li, 2014: 151–172, fig. 8. Holotype: NMNS 6896-001. Paratypes: NMNS 6896- 002~018, AM W45884, AM W45885. Type locality: Jihuei, Taitung County, Taiwan Province, 121°24′11″E, 23°06′53″N, intertidal algal and coral mixed reef.
Geographic distribution: Known only from Taiwan Island, occurs in low intertidal and subtidal habitats on eastern and southern coasts of Taiwan Island.
Eunice uschakovi Wu, Sun & Liu, 2013: 134–139, figs. 1–3. Holotype: MBM 119813. Paratypes: MBM 119814, MBM 119815. Type locality: intertidal beach, Xiaodonghai, Sanya, Hainan Province.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Nicidion Kinberg, 1865
Nicidion Kinberg, 1865: 564. Type species: N. cincta Kinberg, 1865: 564.
Nicidion megabalanicola Hsueh & Li, 2014: 151-172, fig. 9. Holotype: NMNS 6694-1. Paratypes: NMNS 6694-2~6. Type species: subtidal, in barnacle clumps, Dawen, Pingtung County, Taiwan Province, 120°45′17″E, 21°57′22″N, 4–6 m deep.
Distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks. This is the first Nicidion species found in China Seas.
Family Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861
Genus Eranno Kinberg, 1865
Eranno Kinberg, 1865: 567. Carrera-Parra, 2006: 13. Type species: E. bifrons Kinberg, 1865: 567.
Eranno carrerai Cai & Li, 2011a: 217–231, figs. 2–3. Holotype: MBM 197114-1. Paratypes: MBM 197114, MBM 197111, MBM 197090, MBM 197148. Type locality: southern Yellow Sea, 124°E, 36°3′45″N, 75 m.
Geographic distribution: Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. The high abundance appears in the cold water mass in the Yellow Sea (Cai and Li, 2011a. fig. 1).
Genus Lumbrineris Blainville, 1828
Lumbrineris de Blainville, 1828: 486. Type species: L. latreilli Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1834: 168, pl.3, fig. 13–15.
Lumbrineris sinensis Cai & Li, 2011b: 356–365, figs. 1, 2. Holotype: MBM 007560-1; Paratypes: MBM 007560, MBM 012056, MBM 007827, MBM 007841. Type locality: Bohai Sea, 121°02′E, 38°22′N, 11 m.
Lumbrineris cruzensis: Uschakov & Wu, 1962: 65, pl. 2, fig. 3H. (non Hartman, 1944)
Geographic distribution: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea.
Remarks. This species is widely distributed from Bohai Sea to northern South China Sea and was misidentified as Lumbrineris cruzensis Hartman, 1944 since Ushakov and Wu (1962). Lumbrineris sinensis is diagnosed by: unidentate Maxilla Ⅲ, auricular postchaetal lobes on anterior parapodia, longer prechaetal lobes on posterior parapodia and yellow aciculae.
Family Magelonidae Cunningham & Ramage, 1888
Genus Magelona Müller, 1858
Magelona Müller, 1858: 215–216. Type species: M. papillicornis müller, 1858: 215–216, pl. 6, fig. 10–11.
Magelona parochilis Zhou & Mortimer, 2013: 1503–1510, figs. 2–5. Holotype: ECSFRI 100532. Paratype: ECSFRI 100533–100535, ECSFRI 100589, NMW.Z.2012.033.0001. Type locality: Yellow Sea, 121°39.58′E, 32°10.87′N, tidal flat.
Geographic distribution: this species appeares to be restricted to one particular region of the tidal flat (32°10.63′N–33°26.45′N) of the Yellow Sea, China.
Remarks. Magelona cincta Ehlers, 1908 is the most frequently reported magelonid species in China Seas. However, China Seas records of M. cincta is questionable as it was described from South Africa. Mortimer and Mackie (2009) reviewed Magelonidae from Hong Kong and redescribed M. cincta based on type specimen. Magelona parochilis is distinguishable from M. cincta (?) by having a rounded anterior prostomial margin without horns.
Family Maldanidae Malmgren, 1867
Subfamily Maldaninae Malmgren, 1867
Genus Maldane Grube, 1860
Maldane Grube, 1860: 92. Type species: M. glebifex Grube, 1860: 92–95, pl. 4, fig. 4.
Maldane adunca Wang & Li, 2016: 1–16, figs. 3–5. Holotype: MBM 008111. Paratypes: MBM 240860, MBM 240861. Type locality: southwest of Macao, China, 113°00′E, 21°00′N, 39 m.
Geographic distribution: South China Sea, East China Sea, not beyond north border of Changjiang estuary.
Remarks. This species was misidentified as M. sarsi Malmgren, 1865 in last decades. They are different in the form of the cephalic rim, which is low in Maldane adunca, but well developed and forming a deep pocket structure in Maldane sarsi. Maldane sarsi is considered to be a cosmopolitan species and widely distributed in China Seas. Maldane adunca is a warm-water species and distributed only in South China Sea and East China Sea.
Genus Paramaldane Wang & Li, 2016
Paramaldane Wang & Li, 2016: 5. Type species: P. glandicincta Wang & Li, 2016: 1–16, figs. 1–2.
Remarks. This is the seventh genus of subfamily Maldaninae, others are: Asychis Kinberg 1867, Maldane Grube, 1860, Sabaco Kinberg, 1867, Bathyasychis Detinova, 1982, Chirimia Light, 1991 and Metasychis Light, 1991. Paramaldane species have a fleshy collar on anterior part of sixth chaetiger. This character makes this genus distinguishable from other genera of Maldaninae.
Paramaldane glandicincta Wang & Li, 2016: 1–16, figs. 1–2. Holotype: MBM 008120. Paratypes: MBM 008130, MBM 008214. Type locality: China, south of Hainan Island, 110°00′E, 17°30′N, 141 m. Geographic distribution: south of Hainan Island.
Family Nephtyidae Grube, 1850
Genus Micronephthys Friedrich, 1939
Micronephthys Friedrich, 1939: 122–132. Type species: Nephthys minuta Théel, 1879: 28–31 pl. 2, fig. 18.
Micronephthys oculifera Mackie, 2000: 517–527, figs. 1–4. Holotype: NMW.Z.1986.079.156. Paratypes: NMW.Z.1986.079.154–155, NMW.Z.1986.079.157–167, NMW.Z.1989.117.038-042, SMNH 5077–5078, SWIMS-ANN-99-242, SWIMS-ANN-99-243, BMNH 2000.928. Type locality: among corals, northeastern New Territories, Hong Kong, 114°17′–114°27′E, 22°28′–22°34′N, 5 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks: Though this species is described in 2000, it is included in this paper for being omitted in the book Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas (Liu, 2008), an important reference book about marina biota of China Seas. This species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by having two pair of conspicuous brown eyes on posterior prostomium.
Family Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865
Genus Onuphis Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833
Onuphis Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833: 225. Type species: Onuphis Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833: 226.
Onuphis uschakovi Wu & Xu, 2017a: 347–360, figs. 1, 7–9, Table 2. Holotype: MBM 009427. Paratypes: MBM 009434, MBM 009439, MBM 009444. Type locality: East China Sea near the southern Yellow Sea, 124°00′E, 31°30′N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: Southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea, near Changjiang estuary.
Family Pectinariidae de Quatrefages, 1866
Genus Amphictene Savigny, 1822
Amphictene Savigny, 1822: 88. Type species: Amphitrite auricoma Müller, 1776: 216.
Amphictene alata Zhang, Zhang & Qiu, 2015: 27-36, figs. 1–3, Table. 1. Holotype: MBM 283388. Paratypes: MBM 283389–283392, SCSMBC 006677–006683, AM W.48292–48294. Type locality: Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province, 115.09167°E, 22.52333°N, 22.5 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality (Daya Bay and Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province).
Remarks: this species can be distinguished from its congeners by having a pair of wing-shaped dorsal lateral lobes on segment 3.
Genus Lagis Malmgren, 1866
Lagis Malmgren, 1866: 360. Type species: L. koreni Malmgren, 1866: 360–361.
Lagis crenulatus Sun & Qiu, 2012: 61–68, figs. 2–4, Table 1. Holotype: MBM 119742. Paratypes: MBM 119743–119752, AM W38672–38682. Type locality: Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site, Hong Kong, 114°02′E, 22°30′N, mud flat.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Pectinaria de Lamarck, 1818
Pectinaria de Lamarck, 1818: 348. Type species: Nereis cylindraria belgica Pallas, 1766: 122–128, pl. 8, figs. 3–13.
Pectinaria torquata Zhang & Qiu, 2017: 139–150, figs. 1–3. Holotype: MBM 240082. Paratypes: MBM 240083, MBM 240084. Type locality: Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, 114°33.22′E, 22°35.50′N, 9 m.
Geographic distribution: Daya Bay and Beibu Gulf.
Remarks: this species can be distinguished from its congeners by having a dorsal posterior lobe on segment 2, which is unique among the described species of Pectinaria.
Family Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899
Genus Sigambra Müller, 1858
Sigambra Müller, 1858: 211–220. Type species: S. grubii Müller, 1858: 214–215, pl. 6. figs. 7–9.
Sigambra papagayu Bamber in Muir & Bamber, 2008: 797–814, fig. 1. Holotype: NHM.2003.1081. Paratype: NHM.2003.1082–1083. Type locality: Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, Hong Kong, 114°23′22″E, 22°21′54″N, 15 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Family Serpulidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Ficopomatus Southern, 1921
Ficopomatus Southern, 1921: 655. Type species: F. macrodon Southern, 1921: 655–657, pl. 30, figs. 27A–M.
Ficopomatus shenzhensis Li, Wang & Deng, 2012: 1165-1174, figs. 1–2. Holotype: NZMC SAB 1. Paratypes: NZMC SAB 2-11, NZMC SAB 12-21. Type locality: Zhujiang River estuary shore, Bao'an District, west Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 113°46′2″E, 22°43′16″N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality, in brackish-water and freshwater.
Remarks. Longitude information of coordinate (133°46′2″E, 22°43′16″N) of holotype in original description is incorrect, because this point is located in Philippine Sea. The right information is 113°46′2″E 22°43′16″N.
Family Spionidae Grube, 1850
Genus Microspio Mesnil, 1896
Microspio Mesnil, 1896: 119. Type species: Spio mecznikowianus Claparède, 1869: 64–65, pl. 23, fig. 2.
Microspio multidentata Zhou, Ji & Li, 2009a: 225–230, pl. 1. Holotype: MBM 198608. Paratypes: MBM 198609, MBM 198610, MBM 198611. Type locality: intertidal, Changhe (Changle?), Fujian Province, East China Sea.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks. There is a problem with the type locality. Though original authors indicated that type locality was Changhe, we cannot find a geographical names called Changhe in Fujian Province. Changhe is probable a clerical error of Changle which is a district of Fuzhou city, Fujian Province.
Genus Polydora Bosc, 1802
Polydora Bosc, 1802: 150–151. Type species: P. cornuta Bosc, 1802: 150–151.
Polydora vicina Zhou, Ji & Li, 2010: 6–7, fig. 2R-X. Holotype: MBM 198501. Paratypes: MBM 228862, MBM 228863. Type locality: Intertidal flat of Huiquan Bay, Qingdao city, Shandong Province, China.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867
Prionospio Malmgren, 1867: 93. Type species: P. steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867: 93-94, pl. 9, figs. 55A–D.
Prionospio (Prionospio) pacifica Zhou & Li, 2009: 121–124, figs. 4a–k. Holotype: MBM 020656. Paratypes: MBM 198556, MBM 020652, MBM 020653, MBM 020654, MBM 020655, MBM 020657. Type locality: South of Macao, 113°30′E, 21°45′N, 32 m.
Geographic distribution: South China Sea, East China Sea, not beyond northern border of Changjiang estuary.
Remarks. Prionospio (Prionospio) pacifica is a common species in Changjiang estuary and northern South China Sea. It is characterized by having a prominent ventral crest on chaetiger 9.
Genus Scolelepis de Blainville, 1828
Scolelepis de Blainville, 1828: 492–493. Type species: Lumbricus squamata Müller, 1806: 39, fig. A, 1–4.
Scolelepis (Scolelepis) daphoinos Zhou, Ji & Li, 2009b: 39–42, fig. 1. Holotype: MBMCAS 228838, Paratypes: MBMCAS 228828, MBMCAS 228829, MBMCAS 228831, MBMCAS 228832, MBMCAS 228833, MBMCAS 228834, MBMCAS 228835, MBMCAS 228836, MBMCAS 228837, MBMCAS 228839, MBMCAS 228840, MBMCAS 228841, MBMCAS 228842, MBMCAS 228894. Type locality: tidal flat of Kongdong Island, Yantai City, Shandong Province.
Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata: Yang & Sun 1988: 216, fig. 97 E–G. (non Müller, 1806)
Geographic distribution: common on sandy beaches or rarely in the shallow subtidal (< 8 m) of the Yellow Sea.
Remarks. This species was misidentified as Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata by Yang and Sun (1988). Scolelepis daphoinos is distinguishable from S. squamata by having bidentate hooded hooks only and reddish pigment patches on posterior part of prostomium and dorsal and lateral body surface. Pigmentation on prostomium and sides of the body is easily faded in alcohol-preserved specimens while that on the dorsal surface of the body is well preserved.
Coordinate information (19°30′N, 107°30′E) of holotype in original description is incorrect. This point is located in Chinese inland area. Unfortunately, the holotype specimen was not found, it is probably lost.
Family Sternaspidae Carus, 1863
Genus Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013
Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013: 58. Type species: Sternaspis capillata Nonato, 1966: 79-83, figs. 1–9.
Petersenaspis salazari Wu & Xu, 2017b: 403–415, figs. 1–2. Holotype: MBM 020924. Paratype: MBM020958. Type locality: Southeastern sea area of Hainan Island, 112°30′E, 19°30′N, 174 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Sternaspis Otto, 1821
Sternaspis Otto, 1821: Type species: S. thalassemoides Otto, 1821: 617–634.
Sternaspis chinensis Wu, Salazar-Vallejo & Xu, 2015: 373–382, figs. 1–3. Holotype: MBM 020940. Paratypes: MBM 283055, MBM 283056, MBM 283057, MBM 283068, MBM 020711, Type locality: Bohai Sea, 120°23′E, 38°38′N, 39 m.
Geographic distribution: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
Sternaspis liui Wu, Salazar-Vallejo & Xu, 2015: 373–382, figs. 4–5. Holotype: MBM 283058. Paratypes: MBM 283059, MBM 020934. Type species: Yellow Sea, 122°00′E, 35°59′N, 43.3 m. Geographic distribution: Yellow Sea.
Sternaspis radiata Wu & Xu, 2017b: 403–415, fig. 3–4. Holotype: MBM 020950. Paratypes: MBM 020952, MBM 020957, MBM 283395. Type locality: northern South China Sea, 115°00′E, 22°15′N, 41 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Sternaspis sunae Wu & Xu, 2017b: 403–415, fig. 8. Holotype: MBM 198787. Paratype: MBM238398. Type locality: Nansha Islands, Station 59, 224 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Sternaspis wui Wu & Xu, 2017b: 403–415, figs. 7. Holotype: MBM 020945. Paratype: MBM 021253. Type locality: Southeastern sea area of Hainan Island, 110°30′E, 17°45′N, 230 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks. Since 1950s, many Sternaspis specimens from China Seas are misidentified as S. scutata (Ranzani, 1817), a species originally described from the Mediterranean Sea and regarded as a cosmopolitan species. The reclassification of Sternaspis species from China coastal waters challenges cosmopolitan status of S. scutata.
Family Thelepodidae Hessle, 1917
Genus Streblosoma Sars, 1872
Streblosoma Sars, 1872: 413. Type species: Grymaea bairdi Malmgren, 1866: 388–389, pl. 19. fig. 69.
Streblosoma chiguensis Hsueh & Li, 2016: 510-524, figs. 1–2. Holotype: NMNS 7516-1. Type locality: Sangu Village, Tainan, Taiwan Province, 120°04′50″E, 23°07′20″N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Streblosoma wuchiensis Hsueh & Li, 2016: 510-524, figs. 3–4. Holotype: NMNS 7516-2. Paratype: NMNS 7516-3 to NMNS 7516-20. Type locality: Wuchi fishing port, Taichung, Taiwan Province, 120°31′11″E, 24°17′36″N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Genus Thelepus Leuckart, 1849
Thelepus Leuckart, 1849: 169–171. Type species: Amphitrite cincinnata Fabricius, 1780: 286–287.
Thelepus hemeiensis Hsueh & Li, 2017: 429–439, figs. 1–2. Holotype: NMNS 7743-1. Type locality: Hemei, New Taipei City, Taiwan Province, 121°54′58″E, 25°04′54″N, intertidal under rock on fine sand bottom.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Thelepus longtongensis Hsueh & Li, 2016: 510-524, fig. 6. Holotype: NMNS 2572-1024. Longtong Bay, New Taipei, Taiwan Province, 25°06′08″N, 121°55′11″E, 2 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Thelepus taiwanensis Hsueh & Li, 2016: 510–524, fig. 5. Holotype: NMNS 7516-21. Type locality: Northeast of Taiwan Island, East China Sea, 122°43′63″E, 25°22′95″N, 765–806 m.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Thelepus wuchiensis Hsueh & Li, 2017: 429–439, fig. 3. Holotype: NMNS 7743-2. Paratypes: NMNS 7743-3. Type locality: Wuchi fishing port, Taichung City, Taiwan Province, 120°31′11″E, 24°17′36″N, depth not mentioned.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Family Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866
Genus Terebellides Sars, 1835
Terebellides Sars, 1835: 48. Type species: T. stroemii Sars, 1835: 48–50, pl. 12, fig. 31; Hutchings & Peart, 2000: 225–272, Figs 13f, 16a–c, Table 3; Parapar & Hutchings, 2015: 323–337, figs. 1–10, Table 1.
Terebellides baliensis Hsueh & Li, 2017: 429–439, . 4–6. Holotype: NMNS 7743-4. Paratypes: NMNS 7743-5, NMNS 7743-6, NMNS 7743-7, NMNS 7743-8, NMNS 7743-9, NMNS 7743-10, NMNS 7743-11, NMNS 7743-12, NMNS 7743-13, NMNS 7743-14, NMNS 7743-15, NMNS 7743-16. Type locality: Bali, New Taipei, Taiwan Province, 121°21′34″E, 25°11′35″N, subtidal muddy bottom.
Geographic distribution: known only from the type locality.
Remarks. Terebellides stroemii is widely reported from China Seas (Yang and Sun, 1988). Recently, it was redescribed and designated a neotype (Hutchings and Peart, 2000; Parapar and Hutchings, 2015). The species is probably restricted to North Sea. Those specimens from China coast need detailed reexamination to help species discrimination.
4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions upgrading the manuscript. We are grateful to WANG Yongqiang, a manager of the MBMCAS, for his help with specimen's retrieval.
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DOI:10.1017/S0025315412001816 |